Mass Transfer Principles for Vapor-Liquid Unit Operations

Name: Mass Transfer Principles for Vapor-Liquid Unit Operations
Rating: 4.6 (79 reviews)

The Principles required to understand Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, Flashing, Gas Treating, Scrubbing and more!

Created byChemical Engineering Guy

Last updated 2/2024

English

What you'll learn

Mass Transfer Basics (Diffusion, Convection, Concentration Gradient)
Concepts such as Vapor Pressure, Partial Pressure, Volatility, Solubility
Ideal vs. Real Cases
Flux, Mass Transfer, Mass Flow, Molecular Diffusion, Eddy diffusion
The Concept of Equilibrium in Solubility & Vapor-Liquid
Gibbs Phase Rule for Binary Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)
Models for Vapor Liquid: Henry's Law, Raoult's Law
Deviations such as Azeotropes
Molecular Diffusion - Fick's Law
Diffusion Coefficient aka Diffusivity
Equimolar Counter Diffusion vs. Unimolecular Diffusion
Convective & Interphase Mass Transfer
Mass Transfer Coefficient (Local vs. Overall)
Theories for Interphase Mass Transfer: Film, Penetration, Surface Renewal, Surface Stretch
Two Film Theory
Mass Transfer Principles applied to Industry - Gas absorption & Distillation

Course content

6 sections • 219 lectures • 14h 52m total length

Introduction/Welcome1:46
Index Content6:23
Explore mass transfer in vapor–liquid unit operations, including diffusion and convective transport across interfaces, and connect vapor–liquid equilibrium to gas absorption and distillation via the two-film theory.
Goals & Objectives4:13
Why Mass Transfer in Vap-Liq?4:55
Difference between a Vapor and a Gas5:07
Task – Check out my old Video on Vap vs. Gas1:06
Link to Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqXXe9wnVFQ
What are Vapor-Liquid Processes?1:17
Absorption, Desorption, Stripping & Scrubbing4:14
Links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=luRgTdLnxgg
Task – Amine Gas Treating1:25
Link to video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LaQ26JEFuec
Distillation Types2:50
Task – Distillation Process0:52
Link video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaBMXgVBQKk|
Resources for this Course (PDF, Spreadsheets, Slideshows, Simulations, etc.)0:06
Animations - CFD Wolfram Files0:01
Exercise Problem Statements (PDF)0:03
Spreadsheets, Graphs & Tables0:01
Tasks of the Course0:06
Reference Used3:12
Some Notes…1:49
UDEMY Notes
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Join the Groups!1:41
Contact me1:04

Do you really need a Review on Fundamentals?
Section 2 - Overview2:50
2.1 Basic Topics in Equilibrium0:04
Ideal Gas3:43
Ideal Solution5:02
Concept of Ideality2:36
Real Gas - Overview2:06
Ex. Ideal vs. Real Gas Conditions3:56
Animation - Compressibility Factor Charts3:48
Non-Ideal Solution4:49
Vapor Pressure5:29
Partial Pressure3:44
Partial Pressure vs. Vapor Pressure3:42
Compare partial pressure and vapor pressure, identifying their differences and conditions under which they can numerically match, depending on temperature, total pressure, and gas composition.
Animation- Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures2:29
Ex. Calculate Vapor & Pressure5:24
Task – Partial & Vapor Pressure0:38
What is a Phase?2:03
The Concept of Solubility5:30
Animation: Dissolving a Solute2:26
General Concept of Equilibrium3:13
Phase Equilibrium4:49
Solubility Concept3:43
2.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium0:03
What is Phase Equilibrium?(VLE Pure)4:36
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE Binary)6:55
Animation: P-x-y and T-x-y Diagrams for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE)3:17
Volatility (Chemistry)4:25
Task - Volatilities1:36
Relative Volatility8:06
Special Case: Constant Relative Volatility2:37
Animation: Flash Distillation of a Constant Relative Volatility Mixture2:37
K-Values2:27
Task – Calculate a K-Value4:01
Animation - K-value of Several Hydrocarbons versus Temperature and Pressure4:17
2.3 Equilibrium Diagrams0:02
Equilibrium Diagrams3:38
Gibbs Phase Rule4:48
Phase Rule & Diagrams5:24
Animation: Gibbs Phase Rule for One- and Two-Component Systems3:28
Task – Prove Phase Rule for VLE2:18
Binary Diagrams1:45
XY Diagrams3:41
Task – XY Diagram2:21
T-XY Diagram3:26
Explore t-x-y diagrams for vapor-liquid systems, plotting temperature against vapor and liquid compositions of the most volatile component, under constant pressure, with bubble and dew point concepts.
Bubble Point3:03
Dew Point2:38
T-XY Diagram - Analysis5:31
Task – Txy Diagram0:41
Animation: Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium (VLLE)2:41
P-XY Diagram - Analysis5:16
Task - Reading a P-xy Diagram2:22
2.4 VLE Thermodynamics0:07
Thermodynamics Fundamentals3:52
Solving Ideal Cases3:49
Analyze ideal gas with ideal solution case to derive vapor-liquid equilibrium using activity coefficients near one, partial pressures, and saturation pressures under a simple driving-force balance.
Solving via Activity Models3:28
Task – Activity Models1:08
Margules à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moEGVoZp9zg
Van Laar à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lE7Wh6XPv0o
NRTL à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmWN-suDZuc
UNIFAC à https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoSblGYqoaM
Solving Equation of States (EOS)1:15
Task – Fitting Data to Peng Robinson EOS6:28
Cases1:18
Case 1: Ideal Solution – Ideal Gas1:18
Raoult’s Law7:16
Ex. 1 - Raoult’s Law Application9:09
K-Values - Revisited2:55
Case 2: Real Solution – Ideal Gas3:33
Case 3: Ideal Solution – Real Gas2:36
Case 4: Real Solution – Real Gas3:17
Cases Conclusion1:58
2.5 Deviations: Azeotropes0:02
1.Deviations
2.Azeotropes
Positive Boiling Point Azeotrope
Negative Boiling Point Azeotrope
Deviations4:49
Animation: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagram for Non-Ideal Mixture3:24
Azeotropes3:40
Animation: Azeotropes of Binary Mixtures Containing Ethanol2:59
Minimum-boiling azeotrope4:04
Maximum-boiling azeotrope2:29
Task – Identify Azeotrope Type1:26
EXTRA: Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures2:20
2.6 Getting VLE Data on Aspen Plus0:04
What is Aspen Plus?1:31
Getting VLE Data from AP2:41
Task: Graphing Txy Data with Binary Analysis Tools6:06
Getting VLE Data from NIST3:13
Task: Extracting Binary Data using NIST Database3:28
2.7 Gas Solubility in Liquids0:01
Gas Solubility in Liquids an Overview8:12
Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve5:44
Examples - Equilibrium Distribution (Solubility) Curve2:02
Task – Equilibrium Distribution Curve Analysis3:12
Gas Solubility in Liquids - Analysis4:05
Explore how temperature and partial pressure affect gas solubility in water, comparing ammonia, hydrogen chloride, oxygen, and nitrogen, and noting the role of polarity and hydrogen bonding.
Henry’s Law11:48
Animation: Henry's Law for Gases Dissolved in Water3:35
Animation: Temperature Dependence of Henry's Law Constant3:25
Explore the temperature dependence of Henry's law constant and its effect on solubility in vapor-liquid unit operations, with examples like carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, helium.
Ex Henry’s Law for Solubility12:26
Section 2 - Closure0:38

Section 3 - Overview1:04
Before we Start1:39
3.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer0:02
What is Mass Transfer?11:22
Types of Mass Transfer2:06
Explore molecular diffusion in stagnant and laminar flow, then advance to convective mass transfer in turbulent flows, and finally discuss interface mass transfer between gas and liquid.
Introduction to Mass Diffusion2:41
Task - Molecular Diffusion in Dyes1:04
Animation: Diffusion of Gases in a Tube3:11
The Concept of Velocity in MT11:00
What is Flux? Na3:57
What is Flux? Ja1:39
Ex. Mass Flux & Mass Velocities7:53
What is Molecular Diffusion?3:09
Diffusion of Gases4:09
Eddys vs. Molecular Diffusion0:46
Task – Identify Molecular Diffusion vs. Convective MT2:05
Diffusivity aka Diffusion Coefficient - DAB3:56
Animation: Binary Diffusion Coefficients for Gases2:42
Animation: Diffusion Coefficients for Multicomponent Gases1:55
3.2 Fick’s Law0:03
Models for Diffusion2:33
Fick’s Law6:30
Animation: Steady-State Binary Fickian Diffusion3:41
Understanding Applications4:12
Case (A) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion (EMD)13:26
Ex 1. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion8:52
Ex 2. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion11:28
Tip - Position vs Time in Diffusion Cases3:13
Ex 3. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion5:57
Ex 4. (EMD) Equimolar Counter-Diffusion4:19
Case (B) Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)5:02
About Case Studies in Molecular Diffusion...1:00
Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Concentrations6:53
Unimolecular Diffusion Equation for Partial Pressures6:36
Unimolecular Diffusion Equations for Molar Fractions4:13
Summary of Molecular Diffusion Equations Expression2:44
Ex 1. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)7:21
Ex 2. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)24:07
Ex 3. Unimolecular Diffusion (UMD)5:28
Section 3 - Closure1:31
Test yourself!

Section 4 - Overview2:06
4.1 Introduction to Convective Mass Transfer0:03
Overview of Convective Mass Transfer0:46
Mass Transfer Cases3:57
Task – Convective Mass Transfer1:00
Convective Mass Transfer2:02
4.2 Mass Transfer Coefficients0:12
Mass Transfer Coefficients12:46
MTC for Molecular Diffusion5:35
Mass Transfer Diffusion Cases EMD & UMD6:05
Mass Transfer Coefficient for Equimolar Counter-Diffusion10:39
Ex 1. MT Coefficient in EMD10:33
Mass Transfer Coefficient for Unimolecular Diffusion12:03
Ex. 1 MT Coefficient in UMD6:01
Ex. 2 MT Coefficient in UMD6:04
Mass Transfer Coefficient - Summary of Equations & Cases2:06
Volumetric MT Coefficients3:37
Analogies: Momentum, Heat & Mass Transfer7:53
Task – Chilton Colburn Analogy1:11
4.3 MT Coefficient Correlations0:05
Mass Transfer Correlations8:09
Mass Transfer Correlation for Fluids flowing through Pipes4:39
Ex. 1 MTC Correlation for Fluids Flowing Through Pipes7:35
Mass Transfer Correlation for Packed Beds3:26
Ex. 2 MTC Correlation for Single Phase Flow Through Packed Bed7:47
More on MTC Correlations1:24
Section 4 - Closure1:06
Test yourself!

Section 5 - Overview1:31
5.1 Introduction to Mass Transfer within Interphases0:07
5.1 Introduction to MT in Interphases
Introduction to Interphases
What is an Interphase?
REVISITED - Equilibrium
Raoult’s Law - Revisited
Ex. Application of Raoult’s Law to a Binary System
Henry’s Law - Revisited
Ex. Henry's Law: Saturation of Water with Oxygen
Introduction- Mass Transfer Interphases5:29
What is an Interphase?2:44
REVISITED - Equilibrium11:06
Raoult’s Law - Revisited2:00
Example 3.1 Application of Raoult’s Law to a Binary System7:22
Revisiting Henry's Law2:06
Example 3.2 Henry's Law: Saturation of Water with Oxygen5:54
5.2 Theories for Diffusion between Phases0:09
Interphase Mass Transfer5:11
Theories for Interphase MT2:09
Original Film Theory9:12
Film theory models mass transfer across a very thin liquid film at the gas–liquid interface, using diffusion and a driving force from concentration and partial pressure.
Ex 3.17 Mass-Transfer Flux in a Packed Absorption Tower.9:23
The Penetration Theory6:19
Surface Renewal Theory6:12
Film Penetration Model3:02
Surface-Stretch Theory1:23
Summary of Interphase Theories1:51
The Two-Film / Two Resistance Theory3:06
5.3 Two Film Theory Applied to Industrial Processes0:14
Films in Gas Absorption3:12
Film Concept in Mass Transfer1:56
Film-Film interaction in the Two Resistance Theory5:16
Two-Film Theory and Equilibrium Solubility Curve7:38
Analysis of Mass Transfer Process using Two-Film Theory4:25
Explore mass transfer analysis via the two-film theory, detailing driving forces from bulk gas to the interface through partial pressures and concentrations, and expressing flux with mass transfer coefficients.
Film MT Coefficients3:00
Local MTC: kx, ky5:57
Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients4:03
Task – Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients2:01
Local vs. Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients Summary2:43
Mass Transfer Resistance2:25
Analysis of Gas Solubility9:41
Ex. Mass Transfer Resistances in Absorption of Ammonia by Water (Local/Overall)10:01
Absorption of SO2 into Water (Local & Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients)7:59
Section 5 - Closure1:12
Test yourself!

Requirements

Basic Sciences (Chemistry & Physics)

Description

Introduction:

This course covers all the theory required to understand the basic principles behind Unit Operations that are based on Mass Transfer. Most of these Unit Operations (Equipments) are used in Process Separation Technologies in the Industry.Common examples are Distillation, Absorption and Scrubbing.

This course is required for the following:

Flash Distillation
Gas Absorption & Stripping
Simple Distillation
Batch Distillation
Binary Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Scrubbers
Gas Treating
Sprayers / Spray Towers
Bubble Columns / Sparged Vessels
Agitation Vessels
Packed Towers
Tray Towers

We will cover:

Mass Transfer Basics
Diffusion, Convection
Flux & Fick's Law
The Concept of Equilibrium & Phases
Gibbs Phase Rule
Vapor Pressure
Equilibrium Vapor-Liquid Diagrams (T-xy, P-xy, XY)
Equilibrium Curves
Dew Point, Bubble Point
Volatility (Absolute & Relative)
K-Values
Ideal Cases vs. Real Cases
Henry's Law
Raoult's Law
Deviations of Ideal Cases (Positive and Negative)
Azeotropes
Solubility of Gases in Liquids
Interphase Mass Transfer and its Theories
Two Film Theory
Mass Transfer Coefficients (Overall vs Local)
Getting Vapor-Liquid and Solubility Data

Solved-Problem Approach:

All theory is backed with:

Exercises
Solved problems
Proposed problems
Homework
Case Studies
Individual Study

At the end of the course:

You will be able to understand the mass transfer concepts behind various Unit Operations involving Vapor - Liquid Interaction.

You will be able to apply this theory in further Unit Operations related to Mass Transfer Vapor - Liquid, which is one of the most common interactions found in the industry.

About your instructor:

I majored in Chemical Engineering with a minor in Industrial Engineering back in 2012.

I worked as a Process Design/Operation Engineer in INEOS Koln, mostly on the petrochemical area relating to naphtha treating. There I designed and modeled several processes relating separation of isopentane/pentane mixtures, catalytic reactors and separation processes such as distillation columns, flash separation devices and transportation of tank-trucks of product.

Who this course is for:

Engineers
Chemical Engineers
Engineering Students
Process engineers
Petroleum Engineers
Petrochemical Engineers

Mass Transfer Principles for Vapor-Liquid Unit Operations

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

Introduction20 lectures • 42min

Equilibrium Fundamentals92 lectures • 5hr 21min

Molecular Diffusion40 lectures • 3hr 15min

Convective Mass Transfer & MT Coefficients27 lectures • 2hr 9min

Interphase Mass Transfer36 lectures • 2hr 38min

Conclusion4 lectures • 47min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: