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Review a 2022 BMJ meta-analysis of 216 cohorts (26 million participants) showing BMI and waist circumference predict diabetes risk, with implications for prediabetes and lifestyle interventions.
Examine how tobacco use, depression, and insufficient sleep elevate HbA1c and diabetes risk, with pack-year exposure and sleep-duration thresholds.
Show that overweight and obesity are the single greatest diabetes risk factors, with risk rising about 192% for overweight and sevenfold for obesity, per a meta-analysis of 18 cohorts.
Chronic inflammation from obesity, tobacco use, depression, insufficient sleep, and inactivity drives insulin resistance by impairing pancreatic beta cells and triggering liver glucose release, elevating blood glucose.
Improve sleep to lower diabetes risk by summarizing a large meta-analysis showing seven to eight hours minimizes risk, while five hours or less increases risk.
Increase whole grain intake lowers diabetes risk, with 50 grams per day from whole grains like brown rice or quinoa; higher intakes also reduce mortality, with four servings daily.
Reduce red meat consumption to lower diabetes risk, citing a BMJ meta-analysis of 14 cohort studies showing 17% higher risk with one 3.5-ounce serving and 34% with two daily servings.
Limit processed meat to lower diabetes risk, as a meta-analysis shows a 37% higher risk per daily serving and 72% for two servings, with examples like bacon and pepperoni.
Lose weight to reduce diabetes risk by targeting a normal body mass index; a meta-analysis of 18 cohorts (590,251 adults over nine years) shows overweight and obesity raise diabetes risk.
Learn how a hemoglobin reading between five and five point six guides lifestyle changes, while five point seven and above trigger medication discussions, alongside sleep, mood, activity, and nutrition.
Did you know that more than 1 in 3 U.S. adults has pre-diabetes, and the prevalence of diabetes has increased 10-fold in the past century. The diagnosis of diabetes is determined by a blood test measuring hemoglobin A1c%.
Diabetes is one of the disease of Western diet, virtually non-existent in traditional cultures. The causes of the worsening epidemic of prediabetes and diabetes come down to the food we eat, the stress in our lives, and how active we are. If your hemoglobin A1c is 5% or greater you are at increased risk of progression to prediabetes and diabetes, and at increased risk of premature death.
In this course, Dr. Cohen, a primary care physician in downtown San Francisco, shares with you an evidence based approach to making lifestyle changes to prevent and reverse diabetes. It starts with addressing anxiety, depression, loneliness, and social isolation. These factors contribute to chronic stress, and the chronic activation of our sympathetic nervous system which pumps out cortisol and adrenalin in what is called the fight or flight response. Cortisol raises blood sugar levels so addressing factors that are contributing to stress is the first step.
Next, we turn to sleep. Insufficient sleep affects 1 in 3 Americans.