Mystery Of Genes: Complete Genetics Course-Basic to Advanced

Discover Mendel's terminology: factors as genes, alleles, and traits; distinguish genotype from phenotype; understand dominant versus recessive alleles and homozygous versus heterozygous states; and learn monohybrid and dihybrid inheritance.

Explore homologous and non-homologous chromosomes, learn about sister chromatids, and grasp chromatin structure, DNA basics, and gene organization in human cells.

Explore Mendel's law of inheritance, including dominance, segregation, and independent assortment, through monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, using Punnett squares to link genotype to phenotype.

Examine deviations from Mendel's laws, including incomplete dominance and codominance, as inheritance involves chromosomes and genes. Explore multiple alleles and polygenic traits with examples like blood groups and flower color.

Explain the deviation from Mendel's law of independent assortment through the chromosome theory of inheritance, highlighting Morgan's experiments with Drosophila melanogaster showing X-linked and linked genes.

Explore incomplete dominance, where heterozygotes express an intermediate pink phenotype from red and white alleles, showing partial dominance and challenging Mendel's law of dominance.

Explore co-dominance, where both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous state, as seen in the blood group system with LM and LN alleles.

Explore polygenic inheritance, or quantitative inheritance, where multiple genes shape traits like skin color, height, and eye color, with environment modulating outcomes.

Examine how multiple alleles shape ABO blood groups, with co-dominant I A and I B and recessive i, producing A, B, AB, and O types.

Pleiotropy shows how a single gene can influence multiple unrelated traits, as seen in sickle cell anemia from beta globin gene mutation and phenylketonuria from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency.

Explore epigenetics, where environmental factors and diet influence gene activity by modifying histones through methylation and acetylation, altering chromatin access and explaining differences between twins.

Explore hereditary traits and how genes on chromosomes pass from parents to offspring through sexual reproduction, and how variations drive evolution and epigenetic differences.

Understand the genetic code as the central dogma link from DNA to amino acids, via triplet codons that start with methionine, end with stop signals, universal, degenerate, non-ambiguous.

Learn how the wobble hypothesis accounts for genetic code degeneracy, as flexible third-base pairing allows many codons to encode a single amino acid and suppress point mutations.

Explain the DNA structure as a double helix with sugar–phosphate backbones and hydrogen-bonded bases, and summarize the B, A, and Z forms with major and minor grooves and handedness.

Explore how DNA topology maintains relaxed and supercoiled states, including positive and negative supercoiling, linking number and twist, during replication and transcription, and how enzymes relieve torsional strain.

RNA acts as the central link in the central dogma between DNA and protein, conveying messages from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and guiding translation, with mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Describe the CFTR gene on chromosome 7, its transmembrane chloride channel function, and how mutations like ΔF508 lead to thick mucus and cystic fibrosis.

Explore gene editing techniques from zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR, and understand how DNA repair pathways enable inserting, deleting, or replacing genes for crops, animals, and human health.

Explore mega nucleases that create double-stranded breaks in DNA, cutting large 14-40 base pair sequences, and the challenge of off-target effects that led to zinc finger nucleases.

Explore zinc finger nucleases, combining a DNA-binding domain with zinc finger motifs that recognize three nucleotides per finger, and a cleavage domain that induces targeted double-strand breaks via dimer formation.

Explore TALEN and CRISPR gene editing techniques, including how TALENs recognize DNA and how CRISPR-Cas9 with guide RNA induces a double-stranded break for insertion, deletion, or correction.

Discover the CRISPR-Cas system, its bacterial immune origin, and how guide RNA directs Cas9 to cut targeted DNA, including history, types, somatic uses, and ethical debates.

Explore genetic disorders across autosomal, X- and Y-linked patterns, with mitochondrial and chromosomal abnormalities, including aneuploidy and trisomies, illustrated by Huntington's disease and Down syndrome.

Compare meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, and CRISPR-Cas9 for targeted genome editing, and explain non-homologous end joining and HDR repair pathways.

Explore a rapid smartphone-based COVID-19 test using CRISPR diagnostics and saliva samples that delivers results within 15 minutes, enabling at-home or point-of-care testing.

Examine polygenic inheritance with three genes in heterozygous parents, yielding 64 gamete combinations and illustrating polygenic traits like eye color. Learn mendelian milestones, true breeding, and dominance of phenotypes.

Explore how to identify a parent’s genotype through test cross and back cross, and analyze mono- and dihybrid crosses with Punnett squares and phenotypic ratios.