Learn Rust in 7 Days

Demonstrate how Traits are used for everything in Rust

   •  Create a new type

   •  Implement the “Add” Trait

   •  Show how this enables the “+” operator to work with it

In programming you often want to use other people’s libraries

   •  Include the Rand library

   •  Use the Rand library to generate random numbers

In order to define your own chosen behavior you need to define your own trait.

   •  Create a new trait

   •  Implement that trait

   •  Use that trait to do something

Some methods work well with any object as long as it meets a few requirements. Save rewriting the same code by making it Generic

   •  Introduce Generics

   •  Create a method that works a Generic type

   •  Call that method with specific concrete types

Some types, especially Collections, work will with any concrete type, as long as it meets a few requirements

   •  Create a new type that holds a Generic property

   •  Create a concrete object, with a specific type

   •  Call methods on that Generic type

All programming languages need to loop. In rust this is mostly done through the Iterator trait. We need to understand how to use it

   •  Introduce the Iterator trait

   •  Run a for loop

   •  Show what the for loop really does

There are some useful traits in the std library on rust. Knowing them makes programming in rust more efficient

   •  Introduce the Debug Trait

   •  Introduce the Clone Trait

   •  Introduce the Copy Trait

While Match on Result and Option can be powerful, it can be a lot of code to handle. We can make our code easier to read and write with the ‘?’

   •  Introduce the From Trait

   •  Show how the From trait can be used by ? To create convert between types

   •  Show how the? Uses the From type to make convert Errors

During this section we have been building a money library, how can we make it available for other people to use

   •  Introduce Crates.io

   •  Prepare our Crate (package) for upload

   •  Publish our crate

Make sure you have Rust installed and working, and understand some basic syntax

   •  Build a transaction library using the money type we created together

To understand Lifetimes, We need to understand why they matter

   •  Try returning a pointer to a deleted object

   •  Show how rust prevents that

   •  Explain what security this provides

In rust you can pss data around by copying it, or by pointing to it. We need to understand when to do each

   •  Show how we can borrowing an object means we can call functions without losing the data

   •  Show how we can change things we are pointing to

   •  Show how the compiler protects us from mutating data that is currently borrowed elsewhere

Sometimes we don’t know how big our data will be. We need to be able to handle that.

   •  Introduce the Box. An owned pointer.

   •  Use that Box to enable recursive type definitions

   •  Build a Linked List using Box

Some pointers well never be invalid. How can we tell the compiler not to worry about them

   •  Introduce the “static” lifetime.

   •  Show how we can create static pointers

   •  Show where static pointers can come from in natural code

Sometimes we need to have multiple items access the same pointer.

   •  Introduce the Reference Count Rc

   •  Show how we can clone an Rc Object

   •  Show how when the last item goes out of scope the data is finally freed

Make sure you have Rust installed and working, and understand some basic syntax

   •  Build a binary Tree of names

   •  Traverse it tracking your position with pointers

Operating System Environment Variables can hold useful information often about where to find files, We need to be able to read that.

   •  Show how to access environment variables

   •  Show the problems with testing against environment variables

   •  Show some testing techniques for working around, things outside your control

When working on a system with many programs available sometimes it us useful to get them to do the work for you

   •  Show how we can make system Calls

   •  Show how this library uses the Builder Pattern.

   •  Call a program passing command line arguments to it

Sometimes our program will need to act as a mediator between two other programs

   •  Show how pipes can be taken from programs output.

   •  Show how we can feed data into a programs input

   •  Call two programs and pass the output of one, into the other

The filesystem is a vital part of any operating system, we need to be able to access and save our own data, and sometimes other data

   •  Show how to open and read files

   •  Show how to write files

   •  Read one file, make changes and write it to a result

Make sure you have Rust installed and working, and understand some basic syntax

   •  Read a list of transactions, between users

   •  Write a file showing the final amount each user has

Modern Processors have multiple cores, each working simultaneously.. How can we take advantage of that to make our programs run faster

   •  Show how to launch a new thread

   •  Show how to wait for another thread to complete

   •  Show how to get the access the return result of a completed thread

Sometimes we need to tell another thread to do something, or pass other data to it so it can complete its job.

   •  Show how channels pass data between threads.

   •  Show how channels can be cloned

   •  Show how a when a channel is dropped, the receiver closes

Often, rather than use a channel, it can be much simple to share a single data item.

   •  Introduce Mutex, and show how it guarantees only one thread can access its data at a time

   •  Introduce Arc, and show how this enables us to Clone and Reference Count our Mutex

   •  Write a program that relies on a single mutex

Sometimes we have a lot of work to do that could be done concurrently. However creating a new thread for each task is expensive.

   •  Introduce the idea of a thread pool, or group of threads that wait for a task to do

   •  Introduce the idea of a job queue that we can add tasks to

   •  Show how different threads can take from that Job Queue, and quit when the queue is empty

Lots of jobs can be broken up into parts that do not need to interact with each other. Is there a simple way to break them apart?

   •  Show how to use Rayon to easily parallelize an iterated task

   •  Show how Rayon uses it’s Join method, internally to do this

   •  Write our own Parallel iterator using the Join method

Write a program that simulates 10 different users:

   •  In separate threads

   •  Creating an account

   •  Making Sending money to another user

Most Web Applications have a Database of some form at their back end. How can we handle that in rust?

   •  Download and install Sqlite

   •  Setup a database to handle transactions

   •  Test the database from within sqlite3

To add users and transactions we need to be able to edit our database

• Show how to create a connection to Sqlite

• Show how to prepare an edit statement

• Show how to bind variables to it, and how to call the final edit command

To read a user’s balance we need to read a list of transactions out of the database.

• Show how to prepare a read statement.

• Show how to read rows from the returned response

• Compile the rows into users balance

Create a command line database application allowing users to

• Login

• Pay someone

• Check their balance

Rocket is a powerful Framework for creating Web applications. But it has a few requirements to be able to run on a normal system.

• Introduce and install Nightly Rust.

• Write a simple Rocket web server

• Test our server’s response in a browser

Oten you need the html of your website to change dynamically.

• Introduce the Maud html Generation system that uses Rust Macros, to generate extremely fast dynamic html.

• Generate an html page with dynamic content

• Test the contents of that page are what we want to see

To enable logins to last, we need a mechanism to store each user and associate some “cookie” or data item to them.

• Create a Session List type that uses a Mutex and HashMap to store session data

• Write methods for putting and getting sessions from this without needing “mut” externally

• Test this actually creates a session correctly

From a html webpage we can send form data to a server, but how can we access it in rust.

• Show how form data can be loaded into a Rocket function

• Write a Rocket function that loads the Form Data into a user request

• Create a new User in the database with that name

Http Cookies enable us to maintain a consistent session by tracking a small amount of data.

• Show how to access a cookie and state object in Rocket

• Use the cookie to store a SessionId, and access a user id

• Use the UserId to make payments and check their balance

Create a mechanism for new users to Sign up, to Mini-Bank

• Allow users to see a complete transaction history

• Allow users to Logout

• Add a session timeout