
Explore the 8051 microcontroller basics, including its Harvard architecture, eight-bit cpu with alu, ram and rom memory, 32 bidirectional io lines, two 16-bit timers, and uart serial communication.
Explore bus structure of microprocessors and microcontrollers, including address buses, data buses, and control buses, and how the 8051 uses 16 address lines and 8 data lines for memory access.
Explore the 8051 microcontroller block diagram, detailing the CPU, 8-bit ALU, registers, 4 kb ROM, 128 bytes RAM, four IO ports, timers, UART, and five hardware interrupts at 11.0592 MHz.
Learn the 8051 register organization, focusing on the eight-bit accumulator and b register, their roles as ALU results, and how higher and lower bytes are stored during multiplication.
Understand how the 8-bit program status word in the 8051 stores seven flags—four status flags and three control flags for instruction results and register bank selection.
Explore the 8051 flag status: auxiliary carry, carry, parity, and overflow flags, their roles in BCD and signed operations, plus rs1/rs0 bank selection and the default bank zero.
Learn how the 8051 uses the eight-bit stack pointer to track the top of the stack. See how the 16-bit program counter and data pointer address memory during subroutine calls.
Explore memory organization in the 8051 microcontroller by contrasting Harvard architecture with von Neumann, and detailing internal and external data and program memories.
Explore the 8051 internal ram structure: 128 bytes from 00h to 7fh, with default bank zero, four register banks, and bit-addressable and available registers.
Explore the 8051 memory architecture, including on-chip 4 kB program memory with 12 address lines and 8 data lines, and 64 kB external program and data memory under Harvard architecture.
Explore the 8051 pin diagram in a 40-pin dip package, detailing port 0–3, reset, interrupts, clock pins, and multiplexed address/data lines with the address latch enable and external memory selection.
Explore the 8051's four bidirectional ports delivering 32 io lines, with port 0's open collector design that multiplexes lower order address lines a0-a7 and data lines d0-d7 via ALE.
Explore the 8051 memory map, detailing internal ram size and the location of special function registers, including a, b, psw, sp, dptr, pc, and p0-p3.
Explain serial and parallel data transfer in the 8051 microcontroller, detailing transmitter and receiver roles, clock pulses, and usb as a widely used serial transfer method.
Explore types of serial data transfer—simplex, half duplex, and full duplex—and how 8051 microcontroller uses full duplex asynchronous UART with separate TXD and RXD lines for bidirectional communication.
Explain the 8051 serial control register and serial buffer register, detailing how scon and sbuf manage asynchronous serial communication and mode selection from mode zero to mode three.
Explore 8051 pcon register, 8-bit power control register, that selects power down and idle modes and sets baud rate via s mode with gf1 and gf0 as general purpose flags.
8051 microcontroller was designed in 1981 by INTEL. In this course I am going discuss difference between microprocessor and microcontroller. 8051 microcontroller is designed by Intel in 1981. It is an 8-bit microcontroller. It is built with 40 pins DIP (dual inline package), 4kb of ROM storage and 128 bytes of RAM storage, 2 16-bit timers. It consists of are four parallel 8-bit ports, which are programmable as well as addressable as per the requirement. An on-chip crystal oscillator is integrated in the microcontroller having crystal frequency of 11.0592MHz.
Basic structure of ALU and registers. Block diagram of 8051 microcontroller. register organization of 8051 microcontroller, pin diagram of 8051 microcontroller. Function of special registers, Addressing modes and Instruction set of 8051 microcontroller.
Assembly language Programming, Memory interfacing, Interfacing with peripheral ICs 8251- serial I/O, 8255-parallel I/O ( The 8255A is a general purpose programmable I/O device designed to transfer the data from I/O to interrupt I/O under certain conditions as required. It can be used with almost any microprocessor.
It consists of three 8-bit bidirectional I/O ports (24I/O lines) which can be configured as per the requirement.) ,
8257-DMA( DMA stands for Direct Memory Access. It is designed by Intel to transfer data at the fastest rate. It allows the device to transfer the data directly to/from memory without any interference of the CPU.
Using a DMA controller, the device requests the CPU to hold its data, address and control bus, so the device is free to transfer data directly to/from the memory. The DMA data transfer is initiated only after receiving HLDA signal from the CPU.) ,
8259 PIC( The 8259 is known as the Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) microprocessor. This chip combines the multi-interrupt input source to single interrupt output. This provides 8-interrupts from IR0 to IR7.
The 8259A was the interrupt controller for the ISA bus in the original IBM PC and IBM PC AT. By connecting 8259 with the CPU, we can increase the interrupt handling capability. ),
8251 USART, serial communication and types of serial communication. 8051 microcontrollers have 4 I/O ports each of 8-bit, which can be configured as input or output. Hence, total 32 input/output pins allow the microcontroller to be connected with the peripheral devices.
Input Configuration
If any pin of this port is configured as an input, then it acts as if it “floats”, i.e. the input has unlimited input resistance and in-determined potential.
Output Configuration
When the pin is configured as an output, then it acts as an “open drain”. By applying logic 0 to a port bit, the appropriate pin will be connected to ground (0V), and applying logic 1, the external output will keep on “floating”. 8051 has 5 interrupt signals, i.e. INT0, TFO, INT1, TF1, RI/TI. Each interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting bits of the IE register and the whole interrupt system can be disabled by clearing the EA bit of the same register.