Group the 11 Incoterms 2020 by transport mode, identifying seven terms for any or multimodal transport and four maritime terms, to guide decisions for air shipments and avoid delays.

Group the incoterms by point of delivery, from ex works to delivered at place unloaded and delivered duty paid, including free carrier, free alongside ship, and free on board.

Incoterms define 11 trade terms and allocate obligations between buyer and seller. They cover who arranges carriage, insurance, licenses, and clearance, plus delivery, risk transfer, and cost allocation.

Discover the ten incoterms articles, organized as seller's A clauses and buyer's B clauses. Learn how they cover delivery, risk transfer, carriage, insurance, documents, clearance, costs, notices, and CIP applications.

Illustrate how CIP uses articles A8, A2, A7, A4, A9, and B7 in a Port B shipment, covering packaging, carrier handover, export clearance, carriage, unloading, and import clearance.

Differentiate delivery from destination under Incoterms 2020, clarifying risk transfer at the delivery point. Contract carriage to the named place, Port B, even after delivering to the carrier.

Explore delivery under Incoterms 2020: ex works, CPT/CIP handover, FOB/CFR/CIF on board, DAP and DDP ready for unloading, DPU, FAS, FCA, and the procuring goods sold delivered clause.

Explore the commonalities across all Incoterms, including contract of sale, risk of loss, insurance (A5/B5, CIF/CIP), and export/import clearance responsibilities (A7/B7).

Clarify common misconceptions by detailing what Incoterms do not cover, such as goods specifications, payment terms and rates, transfer of risk, jurisdiction, arbitration, liabilities, intellectual property, and title transfer.

Modify incoterms by agreement; they are not laws. However, such modifications increase risks to insurance claims, court disputes, and customs audits, and can cause misunderstandings.

Learn best practices for expressing Incoterms in writing, using CIF as an example, by specifying the three-letter term, country, named place of destination, and year to avoid ambiguity.

Gain a fundamental understanding of Incoterms 2020 and how they apply to shipments, including Ex Works and DDP, with diagrams and overviews for each term.

Explore Ex Works (EXW): understand the named place of delivery, that the buyer bears most responsibility, seller prepares cargo, export/import clearance by the buyer, and revenue recognition implications.

Ex Works diagram shows delivery when the seller places cargo at the agreed place for collection, with the buyer bearing most costs and risk as export/import clearance sits with them.

Describe ex works where the buyer bears maximum responsibility and costs, with delivery at the seller's place, export-import clearance handled by the buyer, and carriage paid by the buyer.

Explains FCA Free Carrier under incoterms 2020, with named place of delivery options, main carriage by buyer, optional bill of lading, export clearance by seller, and relation to Ex Works.

FCA terms place delivery at the seller's warehouse or a named place, with the seller handling export clearance while the buyer bears main carriage, import clearance, and risk transfer to buyer.

Summarizes FCA Incoterms delivery options, including delivery at seller's warehouse or an agreed place, and notes carriage is paid by the buyer with export and import clearance responsibilities.

Explore CPT, where risk transfers at handover to the carrier and the seller pays freight to the named destination, with export clearance by the seller and import clearance by buyer.

Under CPT, the seller arranges export clearance and pays main carriage to a defined destination. The buyer bears import clearance and risks early in transit, with costs on the seller.

Understand CPT incoterms and the delivery article. Deliver goods to the carrier, with the seller bearing costs until delivery and risks transferring to the buyer after unloading.

CIP stands for Carriage and Insurance Paid To, where the seller arranges export clearance, pays freight, and purchases insurance to the destination, while the buyer handles import clearance.

Learn how the CIP diagram combines CPT with the seller's obligation to insure cargo from delivery point to destination under the agreed destination carriage.

CIP equals CPT plus insurance, with the seller buying insurance for the buyer and covering movement from delivery to destination, including carriage and unloading costs.

Explore Delivered At Place (DAP) incoterm, where export clearance and freight are borne by seller, import clearance by buyer, and delivery at named place by any mode of transport.

Under the DAP incoterm, the seller pays freight and export duties, the buyer handles import clearance and duties, with a delivery point near the buyer and risk passing at delivery.

Understand the delivered at place (DAP) incoterm, a 'D' term where the seller bears carriage and costs until ready for unloading, with risk transfer to buyer and no insurance requirement.

explore delivered at place unloaded (dpu) and its differences from dap, noting that the seller unloads at the destination and bears export clearance and freight costs.

Explain how DPU differs from DAP by requiring the seller to unload at the delivery point, with delivery completed when unloading at the destination.

Understand delivered at place unloaded (DPU) as a DAP variant where the seller must unload at the delivery point, affecting risk transfer and cost allocation.

Understand delivered duty paid (ddp), the incoterm with maximum seller obligations: export and import clearance, freight costs, and destination delivery, with IOR options and no insurance requirement.

Explain the delivered duty paid incoterm with a diagram, showing the seller handling export and import clearance, taxes, and duties, up to delivery at the buyer’s doorstep.

The delivered duty paid (ddp) incoterm assigns maximum seller responsibility for export, import, carriage, and delivery, with costs borne by the seller until delivery at the buyer’s warehouse.

Explore free alongside ship (FAS) incoterm, including origin port delivery point, buyer and seller responsibilities, and when to prefer FCA for containerized cargo.

Explore the free alongside ship (FAS) Incoterm using a diagram to show export clearance by the seller and import clearance by the buyer, including cost and risk handoffs.

Discover how free alongside ship (FAS) applies to bulk cargo, with delivery beside the vessel, risk transfer, required delivery documents, and the allocation of costs after delivery under Incoterms 2020.

Learn the FOB incoterm—delivery on board at the origin port by ocean or inland waterway, with seller export clearance, buyer freight and import clearance, no insurance, and containerized cargo discouraged.

Examine the fob diagram to learn who pays costs and bears risk: the seller clears exports up to delivery on board, the buyer handles import clearance from that point.

Explore FOB Incoterm, delivery occurs when cargo is placed on board; carriage is paid by the buyer, with no insurance, export by the seller, import by the buyer.

Explore CIF incoterm—cost, insurance, and freight—expressed as CIF with a destination port; delivery occurs on board, the seller insures for the buyer, and customs valuation uses CIF value.

Explore the cif diagram: the seller handles export clearance, duties, and main carriage insurance to the destination port, while the buyer covers import clearance and post-delivery costs and risks.

The CIF incoterm serves as a common basis of customs valuation, delivering when cargo is placed on board, with the seller paying carriage and insurance.

Explore cfr incoterm, cif without insurance, where the seller handles export clearance and freight, buyer handles import clearance, and delivery occurs on the vessel via ocean or inland waterway.

Explain how the CFR term mirrors CIF without insurance obligations. The diagram remains largely the same, and you should omit the insurance discussions when covering CFR.

The cfr incoterm, essentially cif minus insurance, transfers risk to the buyer when cargo is placed on board. The seller pays main carriage and unloading; containerized cargo is not recommended.

Explore case studies to translate Incoterms 2020 theory into practical decisions for buyers, sellers, and logistics professionals, using the rule book to interpret documentation.

Analyze case study 1 where Company A uses DAP terms and freight collect. Note the risk of double freight charges since DAP assigns carriage payment to the seller.

Evaluate if Company A can act as exporter of record for Ex Works purchases, arrange an exporter if needed, and avoid Ex Works when export clearance is impractical.

Explore why recognizing revenue at the risk-transfer point fails in consignment sales, per Incoterms® 2020 case study 3, and examine appropriate recognition timing.

Under FCA (seller's warehouse) terms, the seller bears responsibility for damaged cargo during loading onto the truck, since loading is not completed and risk has not transferred.

Provide a non-preferential country of origin certificate to the buyer as required for import clearance under clause A7 of the ex works terms.

Analyze how declaring a DAP invoice value conflicts with CIF-based customs valuation under incoterms 2020, risking higher duties; declare the CIF value to customs to avoid discrepancies.

Identify why CIF is maritime only and discuss updating the sales agreement to use a term suitable for airfreight when urgent air shipments occur.

CFR is not suitable for containerized cargo like tables, given the risk of damage from stuffing and securing; Company A and Company B should renegotiate the Incoterms.

Explore case study 9 on CPT terms and insurance, debunking the misconception that CPT excludes insurance; learn how buyers may insure shipments or ask sellers to insure.

Examine case study 10 to understand unloading obligations under DAP terms when the seller is not required to unload at the destination, risking costly delays for the buyer.

Discuss mode of transport and containerization to select applicable Incoterms and determine when risk transfers. Clarify who handles loading, carriage, export/import clearance, duties, insurance, and cost allocations.

Master the complexity of Incoterms by consulting the ICC rule book and reading every article thoroughly. Align buyer-seller expectations through clear contract language, acknowledging interpretation variances.

Thank you for choosing this course; we invite your feedback and comments as you pursue personal development goals in supply chain logistics.