Learn Electrical Basics from Scratch

Explore the magnetic field, the region around a magnet where magnetic effects, including attraction, are felt, as a key concept in magnetic circuits.

Define magnetic flux as the total number of lines of force in a magnetic field, whether in an electric or magnetic circuit. Note that magnetic flux is denoted by phi.

Learn how magnetic flux density, denoted by B and measured in tesla, is defined as the magnetic flux per unit area perpendicular to the lines of force.

Explore magnetic field strength, denoted by H, defined as the force on a unit at a point in a magnetic field, measured in tesla, with north-to-south direction and its formula.

Learn permeability as the key parameter of magnetic circuits, showing how materials carry flux lines and distinguishing high and low permeability, including free-space mu0.

Define absolute permeability as the ratio of magnetic flux density to magnetic field strength, denoted by mu, and compare it to air or vacuum permeability μ0 through key formulas.

Learn how magnetomotive force (mmf) drives current and magnetic flux, and how turns in a copper coil and current generate a magnetic field in a ferromagnetic core, forming an electromagnet.

Explain the series magnetic circuit and its contrast with parallel type, and show how a three part series circuit with lengths, areas, permeabilities, and reluctance forms an equivalent electric circuit.

Explore parallel magnetic circuits, where multiple reluctances share a central winding, visualize magnetic flux division like current division, and learn to compute equivalent reluctance for multiple parts.

Explore electromagnetic induction through Faraday's laws, showing how changing flux linkage induces voltage in coils or conductors, with applications in generators and alternators.

Apply Flemming's right hand rule and Lenz's law to determine the direction of induced emf and current in a conductor, using magnetic flux lines in a magnetic circuit.

explores dynamically induced emf and statically induced emf through Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, showing how flux linkage changes when magnets or coils move to induce emf.

Learn how statically induced emf arises when a changing current in a coil with electromagnets (no moving parts) alters flux linkage, inducing self and mutually induced emf.

Examine how a coil with turns and a variable resistor fed by a DC source produces a changing magnetic flux and flux linkage, creating a self-induced emf per Faraday's law.

Learn how a magnetic hysteresis loop forms by recording instantaneous values of current, magnetic flux density, and magnetic field during magnetization and demagnetization, creating a loop.

Compare ac and dc supplies by highlighting waveform differences and constant versus changing quantity, transformer use, and long-distance transmission. Explain generation methods, frequency variations, and rectification to dc when needed.

Identify ac parameters: amplitude, instantaneous value, frequency, angular velocity, squared and average values, form factor, peak factor, and phase differences. Explore impedance, lagging and leading, and inductive and capacitive reactance.

Define amplitude as the maximum value of a physical quantity in a waveform, with positive and negative peaks. Observe how amplification raises the signal's amplitude to create an amplified signal.

Explore instantaneous value, the value of a physical quantity like voltage or current at a specific instant, illustrated with waveform examples and sets of instantaneous values and their graphs.

Explore the waveform concept as a graphical representation of the instantaneous values of a physical quantity and examine different waveform forms, including triangular and square waves.

Define frequency as the number of cycles per unit time and explain how angular velocity (omega) relates to frequency, yielding frequency = omega/(2π) for one complete revolution.

See a cycle as a complete revolution in oscillation, totaling 360 degrees. It combines crest and drop to form a full circle, i.e., one complete evolution.

Solve a fundamental alternating current numerical by determining voltage, current, frequency, average current, peak factor, and form factor from the given data. Compare with standard equation and verify the results.

Compute the average value, peak factor, form factor, frequency, time period, and phase difference for a 420-volt sinusoidal voltage, and analyze lagging phase in the given expression.

Solve a pure-resistive single-phase circuit with a 190 V, 50 Hz supply by calculating peak, rms, and average currents, and illustrating a phasor diagram and circuit diagram.

Explore a solved numerical on purely ac circuits by calculating capacitor reactance, peak current, rms current, and average current, and by constructing phasor diagram and circuit diagrams.

learners solve a single-phase circuit problem at 350 hertz with a 0.5 henry inductance, computing reactance, maximum current, average current, and a Fazer diagram, plus form factor.

Analyze a series circuit with resistance and inductance to compute impedance, reactance, current, and power consumption, then draw the circuit and fazer diagram while noting a lagging power factor.

Analyze a series rc circuit with 50 ohm resistance and 150 μf capacitor across 220 v at 50 hz, calculating xc, impedance, current, power factor, power, and circuit diagram.

Compute inductive reactance from L and frequency to determine impedance, current, and power factor in a series ac circuit, then assess power consumption with a circuit and phasor diagram.