Learn Terminal from Beginner to Professional

Master the command structure by identifying the command, options, and arguments, where options start with a dash and multiple options can be combined.

Open the macOS terminal from the utilities folder and run echo to print hello world; use -n to suppress the trailing newline and read the manual with man echo.

Learn to navigate the terminal with pwd, ls, and cd, inspect the current working directory and home directory, and understand absolute versus relative paths and moving between folders.

Master the ls command to list files and folders, view permissions and dates with -l, reveal hidden items with -a, and distinguish files from directories using -d and trailing slashes.

Create directories with mkdir and files, rename with mv, and move items between locations. Remove files with rm and directories with rmdir; delete non-empty folders recursively with rm -r.

Master copying and linking in the terminal by using cp for copies and ln for symbolic and hard links, including when to use absolute paths and how links reflect edits.

Learn to view and navigate file content in the terminal using cat, head, tail, and less, showing full or partial content and practicing scrolling, searching, and quitting with keyboard commands.

Learn to edit a file with nano in the terminal, save changes, and exit, while navigating to the desktop and using shortcuts and help.

Learn to use grep in the terminal to filter content, handle case sensitivity with -i, show numbers with -n, exclude matches with -v, and apply regular expressions to log files.

Master piping in the terminal by chaining commands like echo, wc, cat, and tail to process text and understand line counts, and how pipe order affects results.

Explore how to use redirection with file descriptors in the terminal, directing standard output and errors to files, and learn how to append to a file with the greater-than operator.

Learn how macOS and Linux support multiple users, organize files by owner, and manage permissions in home directories, ending with an introduction to the superuser.

Learn how file ownership and permissions control read, write, and execute access for user, group, and others; and use sudo to modify permissions safely in the terminal.

Change a file's owner from one user to another, enter admin password, and verify by opening, editing, and saving the file to confirm ownership update.

Create aliases to quickly reach folders like the desktop. Load them on every session by placing them in a bash startup file such as bash_profile.

Customize your terminal by replacing Apple's built-in terminal, installing a shell like DCL, and setting a default transparent profile. Use ctrl+t to toggle the terminal and adjust fullscreen.