Latin I, Fourth Quarter

This Latin I lesson 18 introduces vocabulary and grammar by examining the first and second principal parts and the fourth principal part of continue, and identifying second conjugation verbs.

Identify the second conjugation by its first principal part and learn to form present, imperfect, and future passive tenses by changing active endings to passive endings.

Explore the present passive of the second conjugation, examine its endings, and compare present active forms like 'I destroy' with their passive translations.

Master the imperfect passive of the second conjugation by changing endings to passive forms: bar, baris, batur, bamur, bamini, bantur. For example, I was being warned, you were being warned.

Learn the future passive of the second conjugation, memorize the standard endings, and note the important exception to avoid confusion.

Learn the ablative of means, identifying the instrument by which an action is done in Latin and noting that Latin uses no prepositions, translating as by means of or with.

Learn Latin vocabulary lesson 19, including principal parts and word formation, with examples like tradition and trade, and English -cide terms such as suicide, patricide, fratricide, and genocide.

Explains the present passive of the third conjugation by changing endings. Compares it to the second and first conjugations and notes memorizing the endings.

Learn the present passive of the Latin third conjugation, compare its endings with the present active model, and memorize the materis form as explained in the lecture.

Explore the imperfect passive of the third conjugation in Latin, present endings like -bar and -baris, and use dabar, 'I was being sent', to show the subject receives the action.

Explore the future passive of the third conjugation in Latin I, comparing it with the present patterns and noting ending similarities like materis and subtle pronunciation differences.

Distinguish the ablative of means from the agent in Latin, using passive verbs and the by-phrase to show a person or animal as the agent.

This Latin I fourth quarter vocabulary lesson 20 offers a review of conjugation, includes words like ammunition, and references Latin roots venire and venue, along with related compound forms.

Learn to recognize fourth conjugation verbs and form their passive by changing active endings. This lecture introduces present passive endings and previews detailed practice in the next three lectures.

Discover the present passive of the fourth conjugation by turning active endings into passive forms, noting that the second person singular has no irregularity.

Convert the active endings of the fourth conjugation into the imperfect passive by adding the -bar endings, producing forms like abarisis? and phrases such as 'you were being heard'.

Explore the future passive of the fourth conjugation by replacing the active endings with the corresponding passive endings to form the future passive.

Explore the ablative of accompaniment in Latin, centering on cum and its ablative object, and trace the root of companion from with and bread imagery.

This vocabulary lesson 21 explains that vehemently means strongly or violently, notes derivatives related to press and explore, and mentions the third and fourth principal parts and retention.

Explore the Latin perfect system of tenses, built on the perfect stem. Learn how the third principal part yields the stem, and how endings form imperfect, pluperfect, and future perfect.

Identify the principal part to form the perfect active in Latin, add endings, and recognize it as a completed past action with example-driven practice.

Pluperfect active is the most extreme past tense in the Latin perfect system, and it is shown alongside the imperfect.

Learn the Latin future perfect active to express actions completed before another future moment, with examples like I will have completed my homework and I would have slept.

Finish Latin I fourth quarter by mastering multiple conjugations, noun declensions, adjective declensions, pronouns, and a long vocabulary list, while sharpening problem solving and brain flexibility.