
Testing finds defects early to fix them, improves product quality, builds confidence and coverage, and involves testers in requirements and design reviews, static and dynamic testing, and defect logging.
The seven testing principles teach that testing reveals defects, never proves absence of error fallacy; exhaustive testing is impossible; early testing saves; defects cluster; pesticide paradox; testing is context dependent.
Explore the test process by detailing test work products from planning to completion, including test plans, monitoring reports, analysis, design, execution logs, defect logs, and traceability.
Explore the psychology of testing and the developers versus testers mindset, emphasizing collaboration, neutral defect reporting, and a positive, quality-driven approach to improve products.
Explore how software development models shape testing across the lifecycle, coordinating tests for each level and balancing sequential, incremental, iterative, and hybrid approaches.
Explore maintenance testing that finds defects during updates, upgrades, migrations, and retirement, using impact analysis and the regression suite to keep the live product reliable.
Explores five sample questions from chapter 2 of ISTQB Foundation Level, covering early testing, test levels, interfaces, and maintenance testing concepts like confirmation versus regression and impact analysis.
Explore the four types of review—informal, walkthrough, technical review, and inspection—and learn how lightweight to formal processes detect defects, document findings, and transfer knowledge.
Explore ad hoc, checklist-based, dry-run, and scenario-based review techniques and learn how to apply role-based and formal reviews to improve outcomes, with planning and management support.
Explore sample questions from chapter 3 on static testing and the formal review process, including roles, walkthroughs, and stages from planning to reporting.
Explore the categories of test design techniques, including black box and white box methods, plus experience-based approaches, with key methods like boundary value analysis, decision tables, and use case testing.
Apply equivalence partitioning to divide scenarios into partitions or classes and test one value from each range. Recognize that exhaustive testing is impossible, and minimize test cases accordingly.
Explore boundary value analysis as a black box testing technique, applying tests at left and right boundaries with inside and outside values, and combine with equivalence partitioning for maximum coverage.
Explore state transition testing as a black box technique, using state transition diagrams to identify valid and invalid transitions and create focused test cases for maximum coverage.
Use case testing models user–system interactions with real-world scenarios, detailing main flows and extensions to derive integration and acceptance test cases and uncover interface defects.
Explore white box testing techniques: statement testing and decision testing; see how flowcharts map test paths and 100 percent coverage.
Learn decision table testing, a black-box technique using a condition-action table to evaluate true/false conditions and generate test cases, illustrated with upgrade rules and room offers.
Apply experience-based techniques like error guessing, exploratory testing, and checklist-based methods to derive test cases from domain knowledge, prior defects, and time pressure, supplementing formal techniques.
Learn how experience based techniques fuel exploratory testing by using a test charter and time box sessions to uncover defects beyond formal methods in agile environments.
Plan testing and define a strategy, using risk-based and model-based approaches. Explore estimation methods, matrix-based or expert-based, and how entry and exit criteria and dependencies guide test execution.
Explore ISTQB foundation level 3.1 monitoring and control in testing, using metrics and matrices to track progress, manage deviations, and inform corrective actions with progress and summary reports.
Define risk and apply risk-based testing to prioritize and address likelihood and impact, distinguishing product risk from project risk and outlining mitigation strategies.
Review Chapter 5 sample questions for ISTQB foundation level, detailing independent testing benefits, test manager responsibilities, entry and exit criteria, test execution sequencing, and product versus project risk.
Explore how test tools support the testing process, including management, static, design, execution, and performance tools, as well as automation, regression testing, and continuous integration.
Evaluate the benefits and risks of test tool considerations, including automation, interoperability, cost, and maintenance. Learn data-driven and keyword-driven testing to enhance test management and coverage.
Evaluate and select test tools by assessing organizational maturity, technology compatibility, and licensing, conduct a proof of concept and pilot project, and plan for training, rollout, and ongoing support.
Explore sample questions from chapter 6 of the ISTQB foundation syllabus, covering introducing a test tool, pilot projects, and keyboard-driven testing with focus on test management and traceability.
The 2018 Foundation Level Learning objectives are as follows:
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Testing
1.1 What is Testing?
LO-1.1.1Identify typical objectives of testing (K1)LO-1.1.2Differentiate testing from debugging (K2)
1.2 Why is Testing Necessary?
LO-1.2.1Give examples of why testing is necessary (K2)LO-1.2.2Describe the relationship between testing and quality assurance and give examples of how testing contributes to higher quality (K2)LO-1.2.3Distinguish between error, defect, and failure (K2)LO-1.2.4Distinguish between the root cause of a defect and its effects (K2)
1.3 Seven Testing Principles (K2)
LO-1.3.1Explain the seven principles of testing (K2)
1.4 Test Process
LO-1.4.1Explain the impact of context on the test process (K2)LO-1.4.2Describe the test activities and respective tasks within the test process (K2)LO-1.4.3Differentiate the work products that support the test process (K2)LO-1.4.4Explain the value of maintaining traceability between the test basis and the test work products (K2)
1.5 The Psychology of Testing (K2)
LO-1.5.1Identify the psychological factors that influence the success of testing (K1)LO-1.5.2Explain the difference between the mindset required for test activities and the mindset required for development activities (K2)
Chapter 2 Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
2.1. Software Development Lifecycle Models
LO-2.1.1Explain the relationships between software development activities and test activities in the software development lifecycle (K2)LO-2.1.2Identify reasons why software development lifecycle models must be adapted to the context of project and product characteristics (K1)LO-2.1.3Recall characteristics of good testing that are applicable to any life cycle model (K1)
2.2 Test Levels (K2)
LO-2.2.1Compare the different test levels from the perspective of objectives, test basis, test objects, typical defects and failures, and approaches and responsibilities (K2)
2.3 Test Types (K2)
LO-2.3.1Compare functional, non-functional and white-box testing (K2)LO-2.3.2Recognize that functional and structural tests occur at any test level (K1)LO-2.3.3Recognize that functional, non-functional and white-box tests occur at any test level (K1)LO-2.3.4Compare the purposes of confirmation testing and regression testing (K2)
2.4 Maintenance Testing (K2)
LO-2.4.1Summarize triggers for maintenance testing (K2)LO-2.4.2Describe the role of impact analysis in maintenance testing (K2)LO-2.4.3Describe the role of impact analysis in maintenance testing (K2)
Chapter 3 Static Testing
3.1 Static Testing Basics
LO-3.1.1Recognize types of software work product that can be examined by the different static testing techniques (K1)LO-3.1.2Use examples to describe the value of static testing (K2)LO-3.1.3Explain the difference between static and dynamic techniques, considering objectives, types of defects to be identified, and the role of these techniques within the software lifecycle (K2)
3.2 Review Process
LO-3.2.1Summarize the activities of the work product review process (K2)LO-3.2.2Recognize the different roles and responsibilities in a formal review (K1)LO-3.2.3Explain the differences between different review types: informal review, walkthrough, technical review and inspection (K2)LO-3.2.4Apply a review technique to a work product to find defects (K3)LO-3.2.5Explain the factors that contribute to a successful review (K2)
Chapter 4 Test Techniques
4.1 Categories of Test Techniques
LO-4.1.1Explain the characteristics, commonalities, and differences between black-box test techniques, white-box test techniques and experience-based test techniques (K2)
4.2 Black-box Test Techniques
LO-4.2.1Apply equivalence partitioning to derive test cases from given requirements (K3)LO-4.2.2Apply boundary value analysis to derive test cases from given requirements (K3)LO-4.2.3Apply decision table testing to derive test cases from given requirements (K3)LO-4.2.4Apply state transition testing to derive test cases from given requirements (K3)LO-4.2.5Explain how to derive test cases from a use case (K2)
4.3 White-box Test Techniques
LO-4.3.1Explain statement coverage (K2)LO-4.3.2Explain decision coverage (K2)LO-4.3.3Explain the value of statement and decision coverage (K2)
4.4 Experience-based Test Techniques
LO-4.4.1Explain error guessing (K2)LO-4.4.2Explain exploratory testing (K2)LO-4.4.3Explain checklist-based testing (K2)
Chapter 5 Test Management
5.1 Test Organization
LO-5.1.1Explain the benefits and drawbacks of independent testing (K2)LO-5.1.2Identify the tasks of a test manager and tester (K1)
5.2 Test Planning and Estimation
LO-5.2.1Summarize the purpose and content of a test plan (K2)LO-5.2.2Differentiate between various test approaches (K2)LO-5.2.3Give examples of potential entry and exit criteria (K2)LO-5.2.4Apply knowledge of prioritization, and technical and logical dependencies, to schedule test execution for a given set of test cases (K3)LO-5.2.5Identify factors that influence the effort related to testing (K1)LO-5.2.6Explain the difference between two estimation techniques: the metrics-based technique and the expert-based technique (K2)
5.3 Test Monitoring and Control
LO-5.3.1Recall metrics used for testing (K1)LO-5.3.2Summarize the purposes, contents, and audiences for test reports (K2)
5.4 Configuration Management
LO-5.4.1Summarize how configuration management supports testing (K2)
5.5 Risks and Testing
LO-5.5.1Define risk level by using likelihood and impact (K1)LO-5.5.2Distinguish between project and product risks (K2)LO-5.5.3Describe, by using examples, how product risk analysis may influence thoroughness and scope of testing (K2)
5.6 Defect Management
LO-5.6.1Write a defect report, covering defects found during testing (K3)
Chapter 6. Tool Support for Testing
6.1 Test tool considerations
LO-6.1.1Classify test tools according to their purpose and the test activities they support (K2)LO-6.1.2Identify benefits and risks of test automation (K1)LO-6.1.3Remember special considerations for test execution and test management tools (K1)
6.2 Test Planning and Estimation (K3)
LO-6.2.1Identify the main principles for selecting a tool (K1)LO-6.2.2Recall the objectives for using pilot projects to introduce tools (K1)LO-6.2.3Identify the success factors for evaluation, implementation, deployment and on-going support of test tools in an organization (K1)