IoT - Internetworking with Arduino

The lecture outlines the IoT components, including things, sensors, actuators, controllers, and gateways. It explains how gateways bridge controllers to the IP network to enable data exchange, storage, and applications.

Explore the ITU-T IoT reference model, a four-layer architecture of device, network, service, and application. Understand cross-layer security, gateway interface support, and the definitions of a thing and a device.

Understand the IoT reference model: a seven-layer architecture that standardizes terminology, defines edge data processing from devices to applications, and enables interoperable, timely data for informed actions.

Explore the internet protocol suite, detailing layered structure across link, transport, and application layers, roles of IP, TCP, and UDP, and how IETF standards, RFCs, and DNS enable data delivery.

Explore the components of a network, including MAC addresses, switches, routers, gateways, and firewalls, and see how local area networks connect to the internet via the IP protocol stack.

Expand your Arduino by adding an ethernet shield to connect to the internet; use the W5100 or W5500 shield, and switch libraries (Ethernet or Ethernet2) without changing your code.

Explore the Arduino ethernet library, choosing the right ethernet shield version, and learn to get an IP address, UDP communication, and basic client/server examples.

Configure an Arduino with an Ethernet shield for manual IP networking by setting the MAC address, IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS, then upload and test with ping.

Explore transport layer protocols that enable end-to-end communications for multiple applications on a single network connection, using 16-bit port numbers to distinguish well-known, registered, and dynamic ports.

Udp is a connectionless transport protocol transferring data without a prior channel. It is unreliable, with no acknowledgments or guaranteed order; time-sensitive applications discard errors detected by checksum.

Learn to send UDP messages from an Arduino with an Ethernet shield to a computer, configuring IPs and ports (computer 50000, controller 51000) and implementing UDP data transfer.

Configure the Arduino to receive and process UDP packets over port 50000, manually set the MAC address, and print source IP, port, and payload to serial for verification.

Learn how the Transmission Control Protocol provides connection-oriented, reliable transport with handshakes, checksums, acknowledgments, sequence numbers, 16-bit port numbers, and window-based flow control to ensure in-order delivery.

Implement dhcp on an arduino to obtain networking information from a dhcp server using an ethernet shield, a router, and a laptop for monitoring.

Connect the Arduino to the network to obtain ip address, subnet mask, default gateway, and optional name server ip from the dhcp server; print these details to the serial console.

Demonstrate how an Arduino renews a DHCP lease to maintain its IP binding. Learn how lease times, binding, and renewal every 20 seconds prevent IP conflicts on the network.

Learn how the network time protocol (NTP) synchronizes clocks over the internet, with an Arduino as an NTP client pulling UTC time from pool.ntp.org and adjusting to local time.

Learn REST architecture, a client–server API design that provides a uniform interface, cacheable responses, and resources identified by URIs, with operations like get, post, put, and delete.

CoAP is a lightweight protocol designed for constrained devices and networks, using UDP for a request-response model in IoT, with a 4-byte header, token, options, and payload.

Explore MQTT, a lightweight broker-based protocol for constrained environments, using topics to route messages; learn connect, subscribe, publish flows, and how clients exchange data via a broker.