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Introduction To Telecom Networks: Fixed/Wireless Networks

Name: Introduction To Telecom Networks: Fixed/Wireless Networks
Rating: 4.5 (3274 reviews)

PSTN, Voice Over IP Systems (Softswitch, IMS), Internet, Mobile/cellular systems, Optical Fiber Systems (OFAN, DWDM)

Created byDr. Moazzam Tiwana

Last updated 5/2025

English

English [Auto],Spanish [Auto],

What you'll learn

Modern Telecom Networks
Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN)
Voice over IP (VOIP) Systems
Softswitch based VOIP Systems
IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS) based VOIP Networks
Modern Telecom/Telecommunication Networks
Internet Architecture, IP based Networks
Mobile Communication Systems
Cellular Communication Systems
Optical Fiber Access Networks: FTTH/PON
Modern Telecommunication Networks

Course content

12 sections • 116 lectures • 4h 34m total length

Introduction to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)1:59
Explore fixed telephony and the public switched telephone network, where subscribers connect to a central office via copper wires to establish a dedicated voice circuit, enabling circuit-switched, bidirectional communication.
Evolution of PSTN2:47
PSTN Exchanges Hierarchy1:17
Block Diagram of a Local Exchange/Central Office1:51
Examine the block diagram of a local exchange and its line-card interface with a telephone over copper wires. Understand how switching fabric, trunk lines, trunk cards, and signaling coordinate calls.
What is PSTN Local loop?2:01
Illustrate how the pstn local loop connects a telephone to the exchange via copper pairs, the junction box, and the main distribution frame, with easy patching for faults.
Signaling in Local loop:Off-hook & On-hook states1:44
Signaling in Local loop:Incoming Call (Ring)0:57
Use a 90-volt AC ring generator in the exchange to signal an incoming call, prompting the user to lift the handset and connect the calling party to the called party.
Frequency Division Multiplexing(FDM) Hierarchy Standard on Analogue Trunk Lines5:18
Explore how analogue trunk lines use frequency division multiplexing to group 12 voice channels into 48 kHz, then form supergroups, master groups, and jumbo groups totaling 3,600 channels.
Digital Exchanges: A-to-D Conversion using Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM)3:18
E-1 and T1 standards for TIme Division Multiplexing in Digital exchanges2:49
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)3:03
Explore how the plesiochronous digital hierarchy multiplexes E1 and T1 signals into higher-rate PDH trunks (E2, E3, E4) and regional J-series variants, using chains of multiplexers and demultiplexers.
Signaling System 7 (SS7) in PSTN2:10
Explain in-band channel-associated signaling and out-of-band SS7 signaling in the PSTN, where SS7 uses the 16th timeslot of E1 to set up, maintain, tear down, and route calls.
Signaling Points (SP) and Point Code (PC)0:51
Service Switching Point (SSP)0:55
Signal Transfer Point (STP)0:33
Service Control Point (SCP)2:08

Nuts and Bolts of Internet-Network Edge Devices "Hosts": Clients and Servers1:47
Explore the nuts and bolts of the internet by examining network edge devices, where clients (browsers on phones or computers) connect to servers in data centers, hosting applications as hosts.
Nuts and Bolts of Internet-Access Network1:50
Nuts and Bolts of Internet: Network Core0:45
Internet Structure: Network of Networks4:53
How to Solve the Complexity of Internet/Computer Networks?0:55
Layered Approach To Solve Complexity: Air Travel Example3:26
Explore how air travel illustrates layered service system from ticketing to baggage, gate, and routing. Each layer delivers a service and relies on layer below, enabling modularity and change transparency.
Internet Protocol (IP) Stack2:28
Physical Layer1:25
Receives packets from the data link layer, adds synchronization bits, and converts them into a physical signal via modulation for wireless, wired, or optical fiber media to reach next node.
Datalink Layer1:49
Network Layer0:56
Transport Layer3:36
Application Layer1:42
Explore how application layer protocols function as processes to provide services, such as FTP for file download, HTTP for web browsing, and RTP for multimedia calls, over TCP and UDP.

Structure of an IP Network1:38
IP Address Format for IPv41:49
Two Key Functions of Router: Routing and Forwarding2:05
Learn how routers perform routing and forwarding, using a local forwarding table to direct IP packets to the correct interface based on destination addresses via a routing algorithm.
IP Range Aggregation and Longest Prefix Matching in Routing Tables4:11
IP Addressing: A Data Network Example1:50
IP Addressing: What is an interface?1:13
Understand how a host connects to the data network via wired and wifi interfaces, each sending and receiving packets and possessing a 32-bit IPv4 address in dotted decimal notation.
IP Addressing: Subnets3:07
Example: How many Subnets?1:07
Internet IP Address Assignment Strategy2:36
Hierarical Addressing: More Efficient Routing4:02
Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR)4:10

Introduction to Voice Over IP (VOIP)1:23
What is Softswitch?0:48
Media Gateway (MG)6:12
The media gateway connects the soft switch to the PSTN, converting 64 kbps voice into IP packets using codecs like g.729, g.711, and g.722, transported via RTP.
Signaling Gateway1:31
Media Gateway Controller (MGC)1:49
Describe the media gateway controller (MGC) as the call controller directing media gateways for setup and teardown, coordinating with announcement server and application servers via SIP to deliver value-added services.
Separation Of Media and Call Control1:07
Media Gateway Control (MEGACO) Protocol3:25
Call Flow Using MEGACO/H.2483:42
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Inter MGC signaling1:27
Class 4 and Class 5 Softswicthes2:55

What is IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)3:06
IMS Features2:04
IMS Architecture-Different Layers1:04
Examine the IMS architecture across three layers: the application layer with service logic on application servers, the control layer managing sessions, and the transport layer connecting end devices.
IMS Control Layer: CSCF, HSS, MRF, MGCF, BGCF2:51
Examine the ims control layer and its call session control function. Learn how the hss stores user profiles and keys for authentication and authorization.
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): P (Proxy)-CSCF2:44
Explore how call session control functions route SIP messages in the IMS network, focusing on the proxy CSCF as the contact, routing requests, blocking floods, and enabling QoS for calls.
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): I (Interrogating)-CSCF1:25
The interrogating call session control function uses the HSS to verify registration and assigns an S-CSCF when needed, then routes calls by locating the device's S-CSCF via the I-CSCF.
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): S (Serving)-CSCF2:32
Application Servers (ASs) in IMS0:58
Protocols Used in IMS1:17
Explore the protocols used in IMS, including SIP for establishing and terminating calls, Diameter for authentication and billing, and RTP for voice and video streams.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) in IMS1:16
Explore how the session initiation protocol (SIP) enables creating, modifying, and terminating sessions by exchanging SIP packets carrying SDP to negotiate IP addresses, ports, codecs, and bandwidth.
Services Provided by SIP0:52
SIP Methods1:26
User Registration in IMS3:15
End-to-end SIP Signalling Path for Call Setup3:09
IMS Call Setup Signalling2:43

Evolution from 1G to 5G mobile communication systems4:03
Uplink And Downlink Commnication1:12
The Cellular Concept3:27
Handover Concept4:05
Three Major parts of 4G LTE network2:22
Evolution to an all IP system in 4G3:45
Overall 4G EPS architecture0:44
Explore the overall 4G EPS architecture, identifying data links (solid) and signaling links (dashed), the access network of enodebs, and the core network of gateways, nodes, and routers.
Evolved NodeB (eNB)5:21
4G EPS Bearer3:13
Mobility Management Entity6:39
The mobility management entity authenticates and registers user equipment with the 4g core network, assigns temporary identifiers, maintains ue context, and handles serving gateway, tracking areas, and handovers.
Serving Gateway (S-GW)6:16
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)3:04
Policy And Charging Rules Function2:35
Orchestrates bearer allocation for voice calls through the PCF, deciding when to add eps bearers. Formulates qos and charging rules, including throttling in bad channel conditions.
Policy And Charging Enforcement Function1:05
Explore the policy and charging enforcement function (PCF) in the gateway, enforcing QoS on bearers and charging data flows by volume and traffic type, with static or PCF-supplied rules.
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)2:20
Introduction to VoLTE using IMS3:15
Explain how VoLTE uses IMS to carry voice as IP packets over LTE, eliminating circuit-switched voice and interfacing with PSTN for IMS-based calls.
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in 4G VoLTE1:10
Examine how the IP multimedia subsystem enables VoLTE using SIP signaling for call setup between the gateway and IMS, with Diameter handling authentication, authorization, and billing over the KCS interface.

Legacy Architecture: Physical Network Functions3:07
Evolution of Virtualization: PNFs-> Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)0:59
Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) Implementation using Hypervisor1:36
Advantages of Virtualization1:16
Leverage virtualization to create virtual network functions, like gateways, in seconds, scale resources easily, upgrade via software, and clone for redundancy, all while lowering cost with commercial off-the-shelf servers.
NFV Architecture By ETSI1:46
Virtualization Example of 4G LTE Core Network1:15
Telco Cloud & Openstack as Cloud Management System2:25

Whats PON in Optical Fiber Access Networks?3:13
Explain how a passive optical network operates within an optical fiber access network, detailing OLTs, ONUs, and splitters that connect homes to triple-play services, voice, data, and video.
Working Principle Of PON2:49
Optical Distribution Network0:51
Passive optical splitters connect in series to divide the incoming light into three signals, and the linked fiber cables form the optical distribution network.
Advantages of PON Technology2:01
xDSL Vs PON (FTTC, FTTB, FTTH )5:15
Compare xdsl and pon technologies, noting dslam with copper pair for 2–20 mbps over 3.5–5 km, while pon uses fiber up to 40 km via olt in fttc, fttb, ftth.
The Evolution of ITU-T PON standards4:15
GPON Principle-Wavelength Division Multiplexing2:06
Explain how GPON uses single-mode fiber and wavelength division multiplexing to carry downstream 1490 nm, upstream 1310 nm, and video 1550 nm on the same fiber.
GPON Principle-Downstream Data2:39
GPON Principle-Upstream Data2:20
Describe how upstream data from multiple ONUs is sent to the OLT in allocated time slots, combined by a splitter into a TDMA frame, with timing to prevent collisions.

Requirements

Be ready to learn,
A Computer or laptop with internet connection
Basics concepts of electrical engineering/IT/communication

Description

Today's telecommunications networks are complex mixtures of legacy technologies, coupled with the latest generation of both fixed and mobile architectures. This course seeks to provide a starting point to those people who are new to the telecoms industry, providing them with a foundation of knowledge which will allow them to explore the telecommunications ecosystem in greater detail. As such, the course is all encompassing, providing technical detail on fundamental concepts, network architectures and finally, today’s services environment.

This course covers fundamental aspects of telecommunication networking. It is also designed to address the needs of those involved in various aspects of IT and wireless and mobile technologies who need to understand how networks work in slightly deeper and more detailed manner.

The course comes with 100% MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE.

This course is targeted for:

Telecom professionals
Telecom students
Networking students

Section 1: Public Switched Telephone Networks

Introduction to Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Evolution of PSTN
PSTN Exchanges Hierarchy
Block Diagram of a Local Exchange/Central Office
What is PSTN Local loop?
Signaling in Local loop:Off-hook & On-hook states
Signaling in Local loop:Incoming Call (Ring)
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) Hierarchy Standar on Analogue Trunk Lines
Digital Exchanges: A-to-D Conversion using Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM)
E-1 and T1 standards for TIme Division Multiplexing in Digital exchange
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
Signaling System 7 (SS7) in PSTN
Signaling Points (SP) and Point Code (PC)
Service Switching Point (SSP)
Signal Transfer Point (STP)
Service Control Point (SCP)

Section 2: Internet and its Architecture
Nuts and Bolts of Internet
Internet Structure: Network of Networks
How to Solve the Complexity of Internet/Computer Networks?
Layered Approach To Solve Complexity: Air Travel Example
Internet Protocol (IP) Stack
Physical Layer
Datalink Layer
Network Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer

Section 3: Layered Architecture of Telecommunication Networks
Legacy Telecommunication Networks
Modern Telecommunication Networks

Section 4: IP NetworksEditDelete
Structure of an IP Network
IP Address Format for IPv4
Two Key Functions of Router: Routing and Forwarding
IP Range Aggregation and Longest Prefix Matching in Routing Tables
IP Addressing: A Data Network Example
IP Addressing: What is an interface?
IP Addressing: Subnets
Example: How many Subnets?
Internet IP Address Assignment Strategy
Hierarical Addressing: More Efficient RoutingEditDelete

Section 5: Voice Over IP (VOIP) Technology
Introduction to Voice Over IP (VOIP)
What is Softswitch?
Media Gateway (MG)
Signaling Gateway (S-GW)
Media Gateway Controller (MGC)
Separation Of Media and Call Control
Media Gateway Control (MEGACO) Protocol
Call Flow Using MEGACO/H.248
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Inter MGC signaling
Class 4 and Class 5 Softswicthes
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
What is IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
IMS Features
IMS Architecture-Different Layers
IMS Control Layer: CSCF, HSS, MRF, MGCF, BGCF
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): P (Proxy)-CSCF
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): I (Interrogating)-CSCF
Call Session Control Functions (CSCFs): S (Serving)-CSCF
Application Servers (ASs) in IMS
Protocols Used in IMS
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) in IMS
Services Provided by SIP
SIP Methods
User Registration in IMS
End-to-end SIP Signalling Path for Call Setup
IMS Call Setup Signalling

Section 7: Mobile/Cellular Systems: 4G LTE Mobile Communication Systems
Evolution from 1G to 5G
The Cellular Concept
Handover Concept
Three Major parts of 4G LTE network
Evolution to an all IP system in 4G
Overall 4G EPS architecture
Evolved NodeB (eNB)
4G EPS Bearer
Mobility Management Entity
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)
Policy And Charging Rules Function
Policy And Charging Enforcement Function
Home Subscriber Server (HSS)
Introduction to VoLTE using IMS
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in 4G VoLTE

Section 8: Optical Fiber Access Networks (OFAN) using PON/FTTH
Whats PON in Optical Fiber Access Networks?
Working Principle Of PONE
Optical Distribution Network
Advantages of PON Technology
xDSL Vs PON (FTTC, FTTB, FTTH )
The Evolution of ITU-T PON standards
GPON Principle-Wavelength Division Multiplexing
GPON Principle-Downstream Data
GPON Principle-Upstream Data

Section 9: Optical Fiber Transmission Networks Using DWDM Systems
Why Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) Systems
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Concept
Advantage of WDM Technology
Wavelength Spectrum For Optical Fiber Communication
Transponder in DWDM
Optical Supervisory channel
Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM)
What is an Optical Amplifier and its types
Manipulating Wavelengths
1). Point-to-Point DWDM
2) Fixed Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (FOADMs)
3) Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (ROADMs)

Who this course is for:

Complete beginners who want to learn about Telecommunication Networks
IT Professionals who want to learn about Telecom
Diploma holders who want to learn about Telecom Networks

Introduction To Telecom Networks: Fixed/Wireless Networks

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

Legacy Public Switched Telephone Networks16 lectures • 34min

Internet and its Architecture12 lectures • 26min

Layered Architecture of Telecommunication Networks2 lectures • 3min

IP Networks11 lectures • 28min

Voice Over IP (VOIP) Technology10 lectures • 24min

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)15 lectures • 31min

Mobile/Cellular Systems: 4G LTE Mobile Communication Systems17 lectures • 55min

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) & Telco Cloud in Mobile Networks7 lectures • 12min

Integration of NFV & Software Defined Networking (SDN) in Telco Cloud4 lectures • 7min

Optical Fiber Access Networks (OFAN) using PON/FTTH9 lectures • 25min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: