Introduction to PHP Programming Language

Explore how PHP handles loosely typed variables stored in memory, created with a dollar sign, accessed by name via echo, and scoped as local, global, or static.

Compare echo and print in PHP, noting echo accepts multiple strings while print uses a single parameter. Demonstrate how single quotes preserve literals and double quotes interpolate variables and escapes.

Explore how PHP operators manipulate variables and literals, including arithmetic, modulus, assignment, and string concatenation, then master comparison, identical operators, and logical operators with precedence and parentheses.

Explore controlling program flow in php using if, else if, and switch statements, compare their behavior and default branches, and apply them in a login page exercise.

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Explore PHP looping constructs: while, for, and foreach, with break and continue. Learn to avoid infinite loops, printing 0 through 10 in reverse with for and square counter with while.

Debug PHP by scaffolding code with debug statements to reveal execution flow and variable values, toggle insights with debug flag, and configure display_errors and error_reporting on development, never on production.

Explore PHP arrays—indexed and associative (dictionary)—and practice validating a username and password against an associative array using foreach, with success or failure messages.

Learn how to define PHP functions, pass parameters and arguments, and return values to the caller, while understanding function scope, naming, and the benefits of abstraction.

Reuse PHP code by including external files with include, include_once, require, and require_once. Understand when missing files trigger warnings or fatal errors and how this affects maintainability.

Explore PHP functions, including default arguments, local and static scope, and practical examples like host lookups and a login validation exercise using a static user map.

Learn how PHP handles runtime errors with try and catch blocks, using exceptions to change the execution flow, recover from errors, and protect the application state.

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