
Explore the seven crystal systems and their Bravais lattices, including cubic, trigonal, monoclinic, orthorhombic, triclinic, hexagonal, and tetragonal, with primitive, body-centered, face-centered, and base-centered lattices.
Choose an outside origin, determine plane intercepts, then use reciprocals to derive the Miller indices. Miller indices show orientation, not position, and may include bar notation for negatives.
Explore the face centered cubic structure with abc sequencing, identify the unit cell containing four atoms, analyze lattice parameters, and determine a packing efficiency of 74%.
Explore Burgers circuit and Burgers vector, showing how closure failure around a dislocation defines Burgers width and the magnitude and direction of slip via the right-hand thumb convention.
The lecture defines strength of a material through yield stress and ultimate tensile strength, explains elastic and plastic deformation, and introduces engineering stress and strain, Young's modulus, toughness, and ductility.
Explain the mechanism of slip: how shear stress on a slip plane creates edge dislocations traveling along a slip direction to form a step, highlighting critical resolved shear stress.
Explore phase diagrams, including copper–nickel solid solutions, and identify liquidus and solidus lines. Understand equilibrium diagrams, phases, and components such as liquid, alpha, and L plus alpha.
Learn how constitution points on phase diagrams, including binary and ternary types, define alloy composition and temperature, identify phases in equilibrium, their compositions, and relative amounts using a copper-nickel example.
Explore the Gibbs phase rule, linking phases, components, and degrees of freedom to phase diagrams, and see how invariant reactions like eutectics fix temperature and compositions.
Explore heat treatment of steel, linking hardness to carbon content and microstructures like pearlite, bainite, and tempered martensite. Learn processes such as annealing, normalizing, austempering, quenching, and tempering.
The lecture defines hardenability as the ease of forming martensite during quenching and contrasts it with hardness, and shows slower quenching increases hardenability by shifting the curve to the right.
Explore brittle and ductile fracture, plastic deformation, and toughness through stress-strain curves, with the Titanic's steel example illustrating low-energy vs high-energy fracture.
Crack size and location affect fracture stress under tensile load, with middle cracks lowest and edge cracks higher. Higher stiffness raises fracture stress; cardboard resists fracture more than paper.
Compare edge and central cracks using the Griffith criterion, showing how crack geometry sets fracture stress and how crack-tip stress concentration depends on tip radius.
Explore the ductile to brittle transition, measured via Charpy impact tests, and how temperature and carbon content shape ductility, transition temperature, and fracture behavior in steel.
Compare single crystal and polycrystalline materials to show how grain boundaries hinder dislocation motion. Grain size hardening strengthens materials via the Hall–Petch relation sigma_y = sigma_infinity + k / sqrt(d).
Description:
This course provides an introduction to Material Science and Metallurgy, which encompasses the study of materials and their properties, as well as the processes involved in extracting and refining metals. The course covers various aspects of material science, such as crystal structures, mechanical properties, phase transformations, and failure. Additionally, it explores metallurgy principles, including alloy design, heat treatment, and metal processing techniques.
Key Highlights:
Explore the fundamental concepts of material science and metallurgy
Understand the structure and properties of different materials
Learn about the various heat treatmnt processes
Gain insight into metallurgy principles and techniques
Discover the role of materials in various industries
What you will learn:
Learning Outcome 1
Acquire a solid understanding of the principles of crystallography
Learning Outcome 2
Examine the strucures of metals and understand the FCC,HCP like structures
Learning Outcome 3
Learn about the various defects in crystals
Learning Outcome 4
Understand the principles of heat treatment and phase diagrams
Learning Outcome 5
Comprehend the mehanical behavious of materials
MODULE - 1
Earlier and present development of atomic structure - Primary bonds: - characteristics of covalent, ionic and metallic bond - properties based on atomic bonding: - Secondary bonds: - classification, application. (Brief review only). Crystallography: - SC, BCC, FCC, HCP structures, APF - theoretical density simple problems - Miller Indices: - crystal plane and direction - Modes of plastic deformation: - Slip and twinning -Schmid's law - Crystallization: Effects of grain size, Hall - Petch theory, simple problems.
MODULE - II
Classification of crystal imperfections - forest of dislocation, role of surface defects on crack initiation- Burgers vector –Frank Read source - Correlation of dislocation density with strength and nano concept - high and low angle grain boundaries– driving force for grain growth and applications - Polishing and etching - X – ray diffraction, simple problems –SEM and TEM - Diffusion in solids, fick’s laws, mechanisms, applications of diffusion in mechanical engineering, simple problems.
MODULE - III
Phase diagrams: - need of alloying - classification of alloys - Hume Rothery`s rule - equilibrium diagram of common types of binary systems: five types - Coring - lever rule and Gibb`s phase rule - Reactions- Detailed discussion on Iron-Carbon equilibrium diagram with microstructure and properties -Heat treatment: - TTT, CCT diagram, applications - Tempering- Hardenability, Jominy end quench test, applications- Surface hardening methods.
MODULE - IV
Strengthening mechanisms - cold and hot working - alloy steels: how alloying elements affecting properties of steel - nickel steels - chromium steels - high speed steels -cast irons - principal non ferrous alloys.
MODULE - V Fatigue: - creep -DBTT - super plasticity - need, properties and applications of composites, super alloy, intermetallics, maraging steel, Titanium - Ceramics:- structures, applications.