In this lesson, I will explain what happens exactly at different stages of drug discovery, and what scientific discipline is involved in contributing to each stage.

In this lesson, I will briefly talk about the various sources of drug candidates from nature that we might use as medicines. This does not enough just living things, but also inanimate objects.

In this lesson, I will quickly talk about how we can explore or discover drug candidates through synthetic means.

In this lesson, I will quickly explain what is virtual design or virtual screening, which is one way to discover drug candidates.

In this lesson, I will explain what are some things a pharmaceutical scientist might consider when designing a lead compound.

In this lesson, I will discuss what happens during the pre-clinical trial, what is the key takeaway, and what may be required by the government regulatory bodies.

In this lesson, I will discuss what happens during the Phase 0 and Phase 1 of the clinical trial, what is the key takeaway, and what may be required by the government regulatory bodies.

In this lesson, I will discuss what happens during the Phase 2 of the clinical trial, what is the key takeaway, and what may be required by the government regulatory bodies.

In this lesson, I will discuss what happens during the Phase 3 of the clinical trial, what is the key takeaway, and what may be required by the government regulatory bodies.

In this lesson, I will discuss what happens during the Phase 4 of the clinical trial, what is the key takeaway, and what may be required by the government regulatory bodies. I will end off the discussion with a summary of all the stages of clinical trial.

In this lesson, I will explain why we regulatory bodies, and what are some representative institutions in the various countries.

In this lesson, I will describe the five main types of drug applications: at which stage they should be submitted (if needed), and what is the purpose of each application.

In this lesson, I will discuss how much it cost for a drug to be discovered and developed, and what are some of the reasons drugs are so expensive.

In this lesson, I will talk about how pharmaceutical companies get their money, what's in it for them, and what are some incentives pharmaceutical companies have to do this costly research.

In this lesson, I will discuss the similarities and differences between innovator drugs and generic drugs, and in what case it may not be suitable to take.

In this lesson, I will discuss the safety of generic drugs and how regulatory bodies play a role in managing safety.

In this lesson, I will define biologics and subsequent entry biologics (SEBs) and why they are different from generic drugs.

In this lesson, I will describe the concept of bioequivalence - and why it is important in relation to generic drugs, manufacturing formula or process change, drug concentration over time, and narrow therapeutic drugs.

In this lesson, I will talk about the regulatory bodies' requirement to ensure generic drugs attain bioequivalence.

In this lesson, I will attempt to address any misconceptions or common myths surrounding generic drugs, often posed by the general public.

Not everything is perfect. In this lesson, I will discuss certain controversies surrounding generic drugs and how they happened. The key takeaway is to know that while there are certain incidents, overall generic drugs are very safe and these are quite rare occurrences.

In this lesson, I will explain what essential medicines are, some of its history, why does every country have a list for adult and children, and some considerations for how they are chosen.

In this lesson, I will define the term "Big Pharma" and raise some of the common questions and beliefs surrounding this entity.

In this lesson, I will attempt to address and debunk the "Big Pharma" conspiracy theory through fact-based, unbiased, stepwise logic. It is important to address these topics so the truth can prevail over misinformation.

In this lesson, I will discuss the dark side of pharmaceutical companies. As scientists, it is important to see evidence from both sides and leave no facts unchecked. As we talk about the conspiracy theory, we should also talk about the dark truth behind some of the incidents that occurred.

In this lesson, I will outline and detail the top ten biggest lawsuits and settlements on pharmaceutical companies.

In this lesson, I will describe the four major types of pharmaceutical companies that exist within the industry.

In this lesson, I will define the term "Alternative Medicine" and outline the challenges scientists have in discussing alternative medicines.

In this lesson, I will describe the various examples of alternative medicines and the NCCIH classification categories that alternatives medicines may be classified as.

In this lesson, I will discuss seven reasons why people use alternative medicines.

In this lesson, I will quickly talk about some issues and controversies surrounding alternative medicine and why the placebo effect plays a huge role in alternative medicine.

In this lesson, I will explain (in fairly extensive details) how complementary or alternative medicines "work" even when they don't actually work.

In this lesson, I will discuss the negative and positive things of using alternative medicine.

In this lesson, I will discuss the roles and responsibilities of pharmaceutical scientists.

In this lesson, I will discuss the roles and responsibilities of pharmacologists and toxicologists.

In this lesson, I will discuss the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, doctors, and nurses.

You did it! CONGRATULATIONS!! You have finished this course. Don't forget to get your certificate. I sincerely wish you the best in all your future endeavors and thank you again for taking this incredible journey with me.

And if you're interested, feel free to check out my other course on Udemy called "Introduction to Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics".