Internet of Things: A Beginners' Guide to Technologies

Explore flexible, layered IoT architectures that enable billions of heterogeneous objects to interoperate through the internet, and review common architectures to understand their focus areas.

Explore the three-layer IoT architecture: perception, network, and application layers. Perception gathers data from sensors and actuators; network transmits it; application delivers services.

Explore how middleware-based architecture enables IoT systems connecting devices, networks, and applications through four-layer model, managing heterogeneity and enabling smart health, smart farming, smart home, smart city, and intelligent transportation.

Explore service-oriented architecture for IoT, where components expose services via a network, using restful web services and a four-layer model from objects to applications.

Explore the five-layer IoT architecture: objects layer, perception layer, object abstraction, service management, application, and business layers, focusing on secure data transfer, big data, and smart services.

Identify the six building blocks of IoT systems—identification, sensing, communication, computation, services, and semantics—and see how they enable data collection, device addressing, and smart services.

Learn about common IoT application protocols used in IoT applications, starting with HTTP and co op protocols. Then cover MQTT, rt, x amp, MQ, PE and DS protocols.

Explain how HTTP request–response protocol underpins client-server communication in IoT, detailing methods (GET, POST, PUT, HEAD, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS), status codes, and the evolution across HTTP/1.1, 2, and 3.

CoAP enables low-resource IoT devices to use rest over UDP, with a two-layer messaging and request-response model, supporting confirmable and non-confirmable messages, tokens, and DTLS security.

discover mqtt, a lightweight publish-subscribe messaging protocol for the internet of things, using a broker and clients to route topic-based messages with retained data and quality of service options.

Explore XMPP, an extensible messaging and presence protocol for instant messaging, presence, multi-party chat, voice and video calls, and secure, federated communication with JID addresses.

Discover amqp, an open standard application layer protocol for message oriented middleware, detailing exchanges, queues, and routing for point-to-point and publish-subscribe patterns. Learn how frames and tcp enable reliable delivery.

Understand the data distribution service, a real-time publish-subscribe protocol with a brokered architecture and multicasting that enables high reliability through data-centric publish-subscribe and optional data local reconstruction.

Explore how service discovery protocols manage IoT resources and enable scalable systems using multicast DNS and DNS Service Discovery.

Learn how multicast DNS resolves host names to IP addresses in small networks without a local name server and how DNS service discovery browses for services using standard DNS interfaces.

Explore the most common network and communication technologies used in IoT systems and learn how technology choices depend on specific application requirements.

Learn how RPL enables routing in low power and lossy networks by building robust topologies, enabling rank-based paths to the root and supporting multipoint to point traffic.

SixLoWPAN enables IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks by compressing headers to fit small datagrams, using four header types: 00 none, 01 patch, 10 mesh, 11 fragmentation.

Explore IEEE 802.15.4, a low-cost, low-energy wireless standard for private area networks, detailing MAC and physical layers, data rates up to 250 kbps, and star, mesh, and PAN coordinator roles.

Explore how Bluetooth Low Energy enables short-range, low-power broadcasts for sensors like body temperature and heart rate, with tenfold range and fifteenfold latency reduction.

Electronic product code (epc) identifies items via a unique number on an rfid tag, and apc global defines the tag data standard for rfid and ens lookups.

Explore LTE advanced for machine type communications and IoT infrastructures, highlighting its service, cost, and scalability, plus physical layer's orthogonal frequency division, multiple access and bandwidth up to 520 megahertz.

Z-Wave is a low-power wireless protocol for home automation, operating around 900 megahertz with 40 kbps to 200 kbps and about 30-meter range, using controller routing and source routing.

Discover zigbee as a low power, low data rate wireless mesh based on 802.15.4, enabling home automation and security through a coordinator‑based network with network and application layers.

Explore how 5g delivers up to 20 gigabits per second and sub-5 ms latency using numerous small cells, wider channel bandwidth, and applications in streaming, IoT, and real-time analytics.

Gain valuable knowledge and skills for real IoT projects from this course. Share questions, provide feedback, and consider leaving a review to show how you are applying what you learned.