International Trade 101

Explore the essential elements of a sales contract, including date, parties, product description with HS code, quantity, quality, price and Incoterms, documents, termination terms, and jurisdiction.

Define a product description for international trade by detailing the product name, scientific name, HS code, origin, brand, production and expiry dates, shelf life, physical and quality parameters, packing, logistics.

Learn how to price international goods by selecting a common currency, unit, and incoterms, and understand the supply chain, seller and buyer responsibilities, ownership transfer, and risk.

Learn the three international purchase strategies—back-to-back, purchase-and-hold, and exchange purchases—driven by demand and global sourcing, from OEMs, trading companies, or commodity markets, to boost purchase efficiency and profitability.

Understand the buyer, market, and competition to enable effective international sales. Leverage product knowledge, trade terms, and a data-driven, budgeted approach to pricing and margins.

Explore how vertical integration in trading connects procurement, operations, and sales to boost volume and profit, including setting up sourcing offices, warehouses, and distribution networks.

Horizontal integration in trading expands product portfolios to increase volume and profit by adding cement, steel, and other building materials alongside ceramics.