İNGİLİZCE KONUŞ!

to call (kɔːl) – çağırmak, adlandırmak
name (neɪm) – isim
first name (ˈfɜːst neɪm) – ilk ad
last name (ˈlæst neɪm) – soyad
to spell (spel) – harf harf söylemek, hecelemek
thanks (θæŋks) – teşekkürler
hello (həˈləʊ) – merhaba
well (wel) – şey, peki (konuşma başlatıcısı)
nice (naɪs) – hoş, güzel
to meet (miːt) – tanışmak
too (tuː) – de, da
by the way (baɪ ðə weɪ) – bu arada
what (wɒt) – ne
your (jɔː) – senin
my (maɪ) – benim
you (juː) – sen, siz
can (kæn) – -ebilmek
but (bʌt) – ama
movie (ˈmuːvi) – film
coffee shop (ˈkɒfi ʃɒp) – kahve dükkânı
near (nɪə) – yakınında
office (ˈɒfɪs) – ofis
phone number (fəʊn ˈnʌmbə) – telefon numarası
job (dʒɒb) – iş, meslek
email address (ˈiːmeɪl əˌdres) – e-posta adresi
engineer (ˌendʒɪˈnɪə) – mühendis

• hobby (ˈhɒbi) → hobi, uğraş

• to play (pleɪ) → çalmak (müzik aleti), oynamak

• music (ˈmjuːzɪk) → müzik

• band (bænd) → müzik grubu, grup

• to meet (miːt) → buluşmak, tanışmak

• at least (ət liːst) → en az

• twice (twaɪs) → iki kez

• a week (ə wiːk) → bir hafta

• to practice (ˈpræktɪs) → pratik yapmak, çalışmak

• instrument (ˈɪnstrəmənt) → enstrüman, müzik aleti

• guitar (ɡɪˈtɑː) → gitar

• piano (piˈænəʊ) → piyano

• violin (ˌvaɪəˈlɪn) → keman

• talented (ˈtæləntɪd) → yetenekli

• musical talent (ˈmjuːzɪkəl ˈtælənt) → müzik yeteneği

• to be into (tə bi ˈɪntu) → ilgilenmek, meraklı olmak

• sewing (ˈsəʊɪŋ) → dikiş

• to make (meɪk) → yapmak

• hat (hæt) → şapka

• shirt (ʃɜːt) → gömlek

• gloves (ɡlʌvz) → eldiven

• things like that (θɪŋz laɪk ðæt) → bu tür şeyler

• I wish I could… (aɪ wɪʃ aɪ kʊd) → keşke yapabilsem

• to teach (tiːtʃ) → öğretmek

• that would be great (ðæt wʊd bi ɡreɪt) → harika olurdu

• to be interested in (ˈɪntrəstɪd ɪn) → ilgili olmak

• fun (fʌn) → eğlence

• to enjoy (ɪnˈdʒɔɪ) → hoşlanmak, keyif almak

• to fix (fɪks) → tamir etmek

• to learn (lɜːn) → öğrenmek

• to do (duː) → yapmak

• comic books (ˈkɒmɪk bʊks) → çizgi romanlar

• poetry (ˈpəʊətri) → şiir

1. What do you do in your free time?

Kevin: What do you do in your free time?

Dan: I like to exercise in my free time.

Kevin: What kind of exercise do you like to do?

Dan: I like all kinds of exercise. Sometimes, I work out at the gym, but other times, I like to do something outside like hiking or biking.

Kevin: It seems like you are a very active person.

Dan: I try to be. What do you do in your free time?

Kevin: To be honest, I'm kind of lazy. In my free time, I usually watch TV or play video games.

Dan: I guess that there is nothing wrong with doing that if it is what you like to do.

Kevin: I do enjoy relaxing, but I also wish that I could be more active like you.

Dan: Well, why don't you come biking with me this weekend?

Kevin: That would be great. Thanks a lot.

KEY VOCABULARY

1. in one's free time

Meaning: when one is not busy with work or other obligations

Examples

i. She likes to hang out with her friends in her free time.

ii. I enjoy reading blogs in my free time.

2. to be active

Meaning: always doing something, having a lot of energy, or participating in some activity

Examples

i. She is an active person. She does something every weekend.

ii. I hate staying at home. I always want to be active.

3. to be nothing wrong with

Meaning: to be okay; to be appropriate or suitable

Examples

i. There is nothing wrong with not going to university.

ii. There is nothing wrong with not getting married.

Possible Answers

What do you do in your free time?

1. I like to __________ in my free time.

I like to watch TV in my free time.

I like to work in my garden in my free time.

2. I enjoy __________ in my free time.

I enjoy playing the piano in my free time.

I enjoy reading novels in my free time.

3. When I have free time, I __________.

When I have free time, I write poetry.

When I have free time, I like to watch movies.

Similar Questions and Answers

What do you like to do when you have free time?

What do you do when you are not working?

What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?

A) What do you like to do when you have free time?

B) I like to bake when I have some free time.

A) What do you do when you are not working?

B) I usually play with my kids when I am not working.

A) What do you enjoy doing in your spare time?

B) In my spare time, I enjoy painting.

Sentence Patterns

I like + (noun / Ving)

I like your tie.

I like this picture.

I like it.

I like comics.

I like living here.

I like watching action movies.

I like listening to pop songs.

____________________________very much

I don’t like doing the washing.

I like to + (verb)

I like to watch TV.

I like to swim.

I like to jog in the morning.

I like to take walks alone.

I like to watch baseball games.

I don’t like to talk about it.

I don’t like to see her.

It seems like + (noun/sentence)

It seems like a good idea.

It seems like he has a lot of friends.

It seems like it’s time to break up with her.

It seems like she is always late.

It seems like you are a very active person.

It seems (to me) that + (sentence)

It seems that you’ve got a problem.

It seems he’s always busy.

It seems I have lost my wallet.

It seems to me she doesn’t love you.

It seems to me I’ve seen it before somewhere.

There’s nothing wrong with + (noun/ Ving)

There’s nothing wrong with the plane.

There is nothing wrong with having a husband.

There’s nothing wrong with my hearing.

There’s nothing wrong with your opinion.

There’s nothing wrong with waiting a while.

There is nothing wrong with not wanting to be alone.

I wish (that) I could + (verb)

I wish I could sing better.

I wish I could sail around the world.

I wish I could remain calm during all of this.

I wish I could remember his name.

I wish I could replace my old car with a new one.

I wish I could go to the game with you.

I wish I could write better.

I wish I could own my own business.

I guess (that) + (sentence)

I guess you’re right.

I guess it’s time we talked about this.

I guess it’s just beginner’s luck.

I guess it’s worth a try.

I guess we don’t have a choice.

I guess all good things must come to an end.

Why dont you + (verb)?

Why don't you go bowling tonight?

Why don't you pick some fresh flowers?

Why don't you play a game of chess?

Why don't you save more money?

Why don't you test this before using it?

Why don’t you just call her?

Why don’t you ask her to join us?

Why don’t you give me a hand?

Why don’t you take a break?

Why don’t you see the problem?

Why don't we try and do it again?

Why don't we post our results online?

Why don't we gather more firewood?

Why don't we earn more money?

Grammar

A pronoun takes the place of a noun. There are many different types of pronouns. The most common are personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and possessive adjectives.

Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns refer to a person. The word "it" refers to an object. Personal pronouns are referred to in the first, second or third person.

• I go to school.

• You are a student.

• They are Korean.

• He works here.

• She is alone.

• We gave her food.

• I drank it.

• It looks scary.

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns are used to show the relative distance between the speaker and the noun.

"This" is used when a single person or thing is very close to the speaker.

"That" is used when a single person or thing is not close to the speaker.

"These" is the plural form of "this" - "These" is used when multiple people or things are very close to the speaker.

"Those" is the plural form of "that" - "Those" is used when multiple people or things are not close to the speaker.

This

This is a/an _____
This is a computer.
This is a book.
This is a stapler.

That

That is a/an _____.
That is a computer.
That is a book.
That is a stapler.

These

These are _____
These are computers.
These are books.
These are staplers.

This

Those are ______
Those are computers.
Those are books.
Those are staplers.

Possessive Adjectives

Possessive adjectives indicate ownership of something. The word after the possessive adjective is always a noun (person, place, or thing). Possessive is having, owning, or belonging to; therefore, the possessive adjective indicates who the noun belongs to. "I", "you", "he", and "she" are singular personal pronouns. "My", "your", "his", and "her" are singular possessive adjectives. "They" and "we" are plural personal pronouns. "Their" and "our" are plural possessive adjectives.

• I am doing my homework. ("My" is indicating whose homework it is.)

• You are doing your homework. ("Your" is indicating whose homework it is.)

• He is doing his homework. ("His" is indicating whose homework it is.)

• She is doing her homework. ("Her" is indicating whose homework it is.)

• They are doing their homework. ("Their" is indicating whose homework it is.)

• We are doing our homework. ("Our" is indicating whose homework it is.)

It is also common to start sentences with a possessive adjective.

• My homework is not easy.

• Our homework is difficult.

• Her friend is nice.

• His friend is not nice.

• My bed is comfortable.

• His hat is big.

• Her nails are pretty.

• My sandwich is good.

• My brothers are tall.

• Our baby is cute.

• Their parents are not home.

• Your brother is going to college.

• Their baby is sleeping.

• Our parents are not going to be home.

Sentences can have a mix of personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun and possessive adjectives.

• This is her stapler.

• That is his computer.

• These are her books.

• Those are his pens.

• This is his book.

• Those are their books.

• These are her pens.

• She is using his pencil.

• He is wearing my hat.

• I am sleeping on her bed.

• They are riding in my car.

• We are taking her car.

Grammar

Interjections

Interjections are words that express some kind of emotion. They can be used as fillers. Interjections do not have a grammatical function in the sentence and are not related to the other parts of the sentence. If an interjection is omitted, the sentence still makes sense. It can stand alone.

When you are expressing a strong emotion, use an exclamation point (!). A comma (,) can be used for a weaker emotion.

Express a Feeling - Wow, Gee, Oops, Darn, Geez, Oh:

• Ouch! That hurts.

• Geez, I need a break.

• Wow! What a beautiful dress!

Call Attention - Yo, Hey:

• Yo, give me the ball.

• Hey, I just wanted to talk to you about the previous incident.

Say Yes or No - Yes, No, Nope:

• Yes, I will do it.

• No, I am not going to go there.

• Nope. That's not what I want.

Indicate a Pause - Well, Um, Hmm:

• Well, what I meant was nothing like that.

• Um, here is our proposal.

• Hmm. You really need to be on a diet.

1. Are you hungry?

Kathy: Are you hungry?

Jenny: I could eat. What about you?

Kathy: I'm starting to get a little hungry.

Jenny: Well, what are you in the mood for?

Kathy: I feel like eating something spicy. How about we get some Korean food?

Jenny: That sounds amazing. I know a really good Korean restaurant that we can go to.

Kathy: Where is it?

Jenny: It's only about a 15-minute walk from here.

Kathy: Perfect. Let's go.

KEY VOCABULARY

1. I could eat.

Meaning: I am a little hungry.

Examples

i. A) Are you hungry?

B) I could eat.

ii. A) Do you want to get some food?

B) Sure. I could eat.

2. What (something) are you in the mood for?

Meaning: What do you feel like?; What do you want?

Examples

i. A) What kind of food are you in the mood for?

B) I am in the mood for Italian food.

ii. A) What kind of music are you in the mood for?

B) I want to listen to hip-hop music.

3. to feel like

Meaning: to want

Examples

i. I feel like relaxing today.

ii. I feel like going out.

Possible Answers

Are you hungry?

1. Yes, I am __________.

Yes, I am very hungry.

Yes, I am a little hungry.

2. No, I am not __________.

No, I am not hungry. I just ate.

No, I am not hungry, but I will get some food with you if you want.

3. I could __________.

I could eat.

I could go with you to get some food, but I am not very hungry.

Similar Questions and Answers

Are you tired?

Are you sick?

Are you okay?

A) Are you tired?

B) Yes, I am a little tired because I stayed up late last night playing computer games.

A) Are you sick?

B) No, I am not sick. I feel fine.

A) Are you okay?

B) Yes, I am okay. Why are you asking?

Sentence Patterns

Are you + (noun/adjective)?

Are you an employee here?

Are you an only child?

Are the oldest?

Are you Denis?

Are you a good dancer?

Are you a member of the gym?

Are you Korean?

Are you serious?

Are you available?

Are you free this weekend?

Are you ready to go?

I’m starting to + (verb)

I'm starting to pay attention.

I'm starting to get used to it.

I'm starting to feel better.

I'm starting to believe in fate.

I’m starting + (noun)

I'm starting a new life.

I'm starting anew.

I feel like + (Ving)

I feel like going for a bike ride.

I feel like going to the beach.

I feel like having a snack.

I feel like talking.

I feel like dancing.

I feel like having friends over to my house.

I don't feel like leaving yet.

I don't feel like explaining.

I don't feel like going to bed.

How about + (sentence)?

How about we sing together?

How about we start from the beginning?

How about we feed the dogs?

How about + (noun/ Ving)?

How about some exercise.

how about an easier question.

How about hanging out tonight?

How about folding the laundry for me?

How about helping us out?

How about comparing prices before we buy it?

How about considering it?

Grammar

Be Verbs

"Be" verbs indicate a state of being. They must match the subjects. "Be" verbs are "am", "is", and "are". "Am" is used with "I". "Is" is used with "he", "she", or "it". "Are" is used with "we", "they", and "you".

"Be" verbs

• I am a student.

• I am strong.

• She is a teacher.

• He is funny.

• It is hot.

• We are happy.

• They are sad.

• You are a clown.

"Be" verbs can be turned into negative sentences.

Negative sentences need "not" after the "be" verb.

• I am not a student.

• I am not strong.

• She is not a teacher.

• He is not funny.

• It is not hot.

• We are not happy.

• They are not sad.

• You are not a clown.

"Be" verbs can be turned into questions or interrogative sentences.

The "be" verb comes first in these sentences. They always end with a question mark (?).

• Am I a student?

• Am I strong?

• Is she a teacher?

• Is he funny?

• Is it hot?

• Are we happy?

• Are they sad?

• Are you a clown?

1. Where are you from?

Alice: Where are you from?

Nick: I am originally from a small town in California, but I have lived in Toronto for the past 10 years.

Alice: Why did you move to Canada?

Nick: I moved to Canada 10 years ago for work, but I just loved it so much that I never went back. I think that Toronto is the perfect city for me.

Alice: That's great.

Nick: Where are you from?

Alice: I was born and raised in London, and I still live there.

Nick: I heard that London is a great city. I've always wanted to visit.

Alice: It is a great place to live. You should definitely visit if you get a chance. Also, I could show you around.

Nick: That would be amazing!

KEY VOCABULARY

1. originally

Meaning: at first

Examples

i. Originally, I didn't like her, but after spending time with her, I came to like her.

ii. The company was originally based in Chicago before it moved to New York.

2. to be born and raised in (a city or country)

Meaning: to spend one's entire childhood living in one place

Examples

i. I was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio.

ii. She was born and raised in Tokyo.

3. to show (somebody) around

Meaning: to introduce or guide somebody through a place

Examples

i. I showed Beth around the city.

ii. I will show the new employee around the office.

Possible Answers

Where are you from?

1. I am from __________.

I am from Sweden.

I am from India.

2. I am originally from __________, but I __________.

I am originally from Japan, but I currently live in Germany.

I am originally from Brazil, but I live in Los Angeles now.

3. I grew up in __________, but now I __________.

I grew up in France, but now I am living in Italy.

I grew up in Seoul, but now I live in Tokyo.

Similar Questions and Answers

What country are you from?

Where do you live?

Where did you grow up?

A) What country are you from?

B) I am from America.

A) Where do you live?

B) I live in New York City.

A) Where did you grow up?

B) I grew up in Australia.

Sentence Patterns

I’ve + (past participle) + for + (a time period/time frame)

I have known Billy for 20 years.

I have worked there for 3 years.

I have not been there for weeks.

She has been my friend for many years.

He has not lived there for six months.

Why did you + (verb)?

Why did you go over there?

Why did you get me involved?

Why did you lie to us?

Why did you lock yourself in the bathroom?

Why did you do that?

Why did you come home so late last night?

I + (V2 /Ved)

We watched a movie last night.

She asked me a strange question yesterday.

My sister kicked me every day when we were young.

I wanted to buy a new car last week, but I changed my mind.

I saw her yesterday.

When I saw her, I ran to her.

She bought a new coat last month.

They went to Europe last year.

He took his girlfriend to a movie yesterday.

He left for work an hour ago.

I've always wanted to + (verb)

I have always wanted to visit Istanbul.

I've always wanted to meet someone like you.

I've always wanted to travel around the world.

She has always wanted to be a doctor.

He has never wanted to be rich.

I heard that + (sentence)

I heard that you got fired a few weeks ago.

I heard that you failed the entrance exam.

I heard that John was injured in a car accident.

I heard this house has a ghost.

I heard that your wife is a yoga instructor.

I've heard that + (sentence)

I've heard that you got a new job.

I've heard that you want to leave your job.

I've heard that you got a new car.

I've heard that you fix computers.

I've heard that you've never been to Canada.

I've heard that you like to shop.

I've heard that you and your boss don't get along.

I've heard that there is no school next week.

You should + (verb)

You should go to bed.

You should do your homework before going outside.

You should request a raise at work.

You should stop smoking.

You should smile more.

You should slow down when driving in a neighborhood.

You should talk to him about it.

You should train your dog.

You should trust what they say.

You should get some sleep.

You should take a subway.

You should talk to her.

You should ask her out.

You shouldn’t lie anymore.

You shouldn’t eat so much chocolate.

You shouldn’t spend so much money

You shouldn’t be so quick to judge!

You shouldn’t say things like that.

Grammar

Simple past is used to express finished or completed actions.

Simple Past - Basic form
Add "-ed" to the verb.

Verb

Add "-ed"

• Visit

• Walk

• Talk

• Visited

• Walked

• Talked

For single-syllable verbs ending in a short vowel and a single consonant, double the final consonant.

Verb

Double ending consonant and add "-ed"

• Slip

• Drop

• Cross

• Slipped

• Dropped

• Crossed

For verbs that end in "-e", only add "-d".

Verb

Add "-d"

• Dance

• Live

• Race

• Danced

• Lived

• Raced

• I visited my old school.

• I walked to work.

• He dropped his keys.

• They crossed the street.

• They lived in England before moving to America.

• He raced on the track.

Simple Past - Additional forms

If the verb ends in a consonant + "y" (i.e. study), change the "y" to "i" and add "-ed". If the verb ends in a vowel + "y" (i.e. play), just add "-ed".

Consonant + "y" --> Consonant + "i" + "-ed"

Vowel + "y" --> Vowel + "y" + "ed"

• Study --> Studied

• Try --> Tried

• Dry --> Dried

• Play --> Played

• Stay --> Stayed

• Pray --> Prayed

• He studied English.

• She dried her clothes.

• They tried dancing.

• She played soccer.

• We stayed home.

• He prayed before eating.

1. Where did you grow up?

Paul: Where did you grow up?

Fred: I grew up in New York City.

Paul: What was it like growing up in a big city?

Fred: It was great. There was always something to do.

Paul: That sounds very different than my childhood.

Fred: Where did you grow up?

Paul: I grew up on a farm in Iowa.

Fred: What was that like?

Paul: I loved it. My brother and I had to do a lot of work on the farm, but after we finished our work, we spent a lot of time doing things in nature. We would go fishing, hiking, and hunting.

Fred: That sounds great. I guess there are good and bad things about every place.

KEY VOCABULARY

1. to grow up

Meaning: to become older and more mature; to spend one's childhood

Examples

i. I grew up in a small town.

ii. She grew up in New York, but now she lives in London.

2. childhood

Meaning: the period of time when one is a child

Examples

i. I had a happy childhood.

ii. What do you remember about your childhood?

3. to spend a lot of time (doing something)

Meaning: to do something very often

Examples

i. She spends a lot of time writing.

ii. Our sales team spends a lot of time meeting with customers.

Possible Answers

Where did you grow up?

1. I grew up in __________.

I grew up in Columbus, Ohio.

I grew up in Paris.

2. I was born in __________, but I mostly grew up in __________.

I was born in a small town outside Seattle, but I mostly grew up in Las Vegas.

I was born in Tokyo, but I mostly grew up in San Francisco.

3. I was born and raised in __________.

I was born and raised in Istanbul.

I was born and raised in Madrid.

Similar Questions and Answers

Where were you born?

Where did you spend most of your childhood?

Where did you live when you were young?

A) Where were you born?

B) I was born in Seoul, South Korea, but I moved to America when I was 5 years old.

A) Where did you spend most of your childhood?

B) I spent my entire childhood in a suburb of Chicago.

A) Where did you live when you were young?

B) When I was young, my family and I lived in Perth, Australia.

Sentence Patterns

Where did you + (verb)?

Where did you meet your wife?

Where did you find that coat?

Where did you live in 2004?

Where did you work 10 years ago?

Where did Peter get that cool hat?

Where did your dog get that stick?

Where did she come from?

Where did we go for dinner last night?

Where did the children play after school?

I would + (verb)

When I was a child, I would play the violin.

When I was young, I would study hard.

Normally, we would work until 6 p.m.

If I were a millionaire, I would buy a castle.

If I were you, I would book my reservations now.

If it were on sale, I would buy it. But it is not on sale, so I will not buy it.

That would be great if we went to Europe together.

I have to + (verb)

I have to switch schools.

I have to use the telephone.

I have to go to the bathroom.

I have to unpack my bags.

I have to stop smoking.

I have to wear a tie.

I don’t have to leave.

I had to + (verb)

I had to break up with her.

I had to stay until everything was finished.

I had to go after her to the airport.

I had to stay up late last night.

What was + (noun)?

What was her name?

What was that sound?

What was that about?

What was that all about the other night?

What was + (noun) + like?

What was your old house like?

What was the old manager like?

What was that like?

There is + (noun)

There is a big difference between you and your father.

There is a gas station on the corner.

There’s only one way to get there.

There isn’t a phone call for you.

There’s nothing to tell.

Is there any problem?

There was a village called Cirra many years ago.

There was something strange.

There was another reason I wanted to do this.

There are + (noun)

There are cute girls at the bar.

There are a lot of reasons for that.

There are a lot of possibilities.

There are many things to think about it.

There are a few things you should know.

Are there cheaper ones in the store?

There were so many women working at his company.

There were ten sick people.

Grammar

Be Verbs - Past

"Be" verbs indicate a state of being. "Be" verbs in the past tense indicate that a state of being that has happened. They must match the subjects. "Be" verbs are "was" and "were". "Was" is used with "I", "he", "she", or "it". "Were" is used with "we", "they", and "you".

"Be" verbs - Past Tense

• I was a student.

• I was strong.

• She was a teacher.

• He was funny.

• It was hot.

• We were happy.

• They were sad.

• You were alone.

"Be" verbs in the past tense can be turned into negative sentences.

Negative sentences need "not" after the "be" verb.

• I was not a student.

• I was not strong.

• She was not a teacher.

• He was not funny.

• It was not hot.

• We were not happy.

• They were not sad.

• You were not a clown.

"Be" verbs in the past tense can be turned into questions.

The "be" verb comes first in these sentences. They always end with a question mark (?).

• Was I wrong?

• Was I strong?

• Was she a teacher?

• Was he funny?

• Was it hot?

• Were we happy?

• Were they sad?

• Were you a clown?

Go + Gerunds

"Go" is most often used with an activity that is in gerund form. "Go" is in the present tense. The past tense for "go" is "went".

Go + Gerunds - Present Tense

• I like to go swimming.

• I want to go camping.

• I have to go shopping.

• I prefer to go hiking.

• I asked to go fishing.

• Let's go skiing.

Go + Gerunds - Past Tense

Go in the present tense

Go in the past tense

I go swimming every morning.

I went swimming this morning.

I go jogging in the afternoon.

I went jogging this afternoon.

I go camping with my family.

I went camping last weekend.

I go shopping every Saturday.

I went shopping yesterday.

I go hiking alone.

I went hiking alone.

I go fishing at the lake.

I went fishing at the lake.

1. What is your phone number?

Carl: Do you have any XR-50 cameras in stock?

Laura: I am so sorry sir, but we are completely sold out of that product.

Carl: That's too bad. I was really hoping to get one today.

Laura: Well, I can contact you if we get any more.

Carl: That would be great.

Laura: What is your phone number?

Carl: My phone number is 614-766-2270.

Laura: I'm sorry but did you say 2-2-7-0?

Carl: That's correct.

Laura: Great. I will call you as soon as we get a new shipment of the XR-50 cameras.

Carl: Thank you so much.

KEY VOCABULARY

1. in stock

Meaning: to have available for sale

Examples

i. The store has many school supplies in stock because the new school year will start soon.

ii. I am not sure if we have any of that product in stock. I will check.

2. to be sold out

Meaning: to have none left for sale because all have been purchased

Examples

i. I couldn't get the video game because it was sold out.

ii. It was sold out at the store, so I will order it online.

3. to contact

Meaning: to communicate with

Examples

i. I will contact him by email.

ii. She will contact us if she needs our help.

Possible Answers

What is your phone number?

1. My phone number is __________.

My phone number is 561-789-1091.

My phone number is 010-6678-9089.

2. It is __________.

It is 412-987-9089.

It is 234-987-5667.

3. You can reach me at __________.

You can reach me at 614-976-1234.

You can reach me at 010-4566-9856.

Similar Questions and Answers

What is your cell phone number?

How can I get in contact with you?

What number can I reach you at?

A) What is your cell phone number?

B) My cell phone number is 010-7667-2270.

A) How can I get in contact with you?

B) You can email me at _____@____.com or you can call me at 614-889-5342.

A) What number can I reach you at?

B) You can reach me at 987-123-4587.

Sentence Patterns

Do you have + (noun)?

Do you have a passport?

Do you have a second?

Do you have a moment to help me?

Do you have a pen I can borrow?

Do you have an extra ticket?

Do you have the time?

Do you have time to have dinner?

Do you have time to talk right now?

Do you have experience in this field?

Don’t you have a plan?

Don't you have a meeting this afternoon?

Don't you have a friend who lives in Paris?

Don't you have any homework to do?

Do you have any + (noun) ?

Do you have any questions?

Do you have any milk left?

Do you have any idea what time it is?

Do you have any plans for the weekend?

Do you have any money with you?

Do you have any experience in this field?

Do you have any free time tomorrow?

Do you have any suggestions?

Do you have any books I can borrow?

Do you have any enemies?

Do you have any other brands?

Do you have some + (noun) ?

Do you have some water I can drink?

Do you have some free time this evening?

Do you have some paper I could borrow?

Do you have some advice for me?

Do you have some money for the bus?

Do you have some sugar for my coffee?

Do you have some information about the event?

Do you have some tissues in your bag?

Do you have something to say?

Do you have someone to call in case of emergency?

I was + (Ving)

I was thinking about you yesterday.

I was working on the project last weekend.

I was studying for the exam all night.

I was cooking dinner at that time.

I was walking home and then I saw her.

I wasn’t paying attention during the meeting.

I wasn’t feeling well yesterday.

I wasn’t listening to music, I was working.

I wasn’t crying.

I was hoping to + (verb)

I was hoping to see you at the party last night.

I was hoping to get an email from you today.

I was hoping to finish the project by Friday.

I was hoping to hear back from the job interview soon.

I was hoping to find a better place to stay for the trip.

I was hoping to catch the last bus, but I missed it.

I was hoping to spend more time with my family during the holidays.

I was hoping to meet with you earlier, but something came up.

I was hoping to have a relaxing weekend, but I had to work.

I will + (verb)

I will send you the details by email.

I will fix the computer later.

I will take a break after this meeting.

I will text you when I arrive.

I will drink more water every day.

I will help you if you need anything.

I will be happy to join you for dinner.

I will never forget this moment.

I’ll try my best to finish the project.

I’ll take care of that for you.

I’ll buy the tickets tomorrow.

I’ll go if you want me to.

I won’t forget what you did for me.

I won’t be late again, I promise.

I won’t make the same mistake twice.

I won’t tell anyone your secret.

I won’t eat junk food anymore.

I won’t give up, no matter what.

I won’t answer calls after 10 p.m.

I won’t let it happen again.

I will (verb) as soon as + (sentence)

I will call you as soon as I get home.

I will send the email as soon as I finish writing it.

I will leave the office as soon as the meeting is over.

I will start cooking dinner as soon as I buy the ingredients.

I will return your book as soon as I’m finished reading it.

I will clean the house as soon as I finish my work.

I will let you know as soon as I hear from the manager.

I will come to see you as soon as I get some free time.

I will pick you up as soon as I finish my appointment.

Did you + (verb)?

Did you finish your homework last night?

Did you see that movie yesterday?

Did you like the book I recommended?

Did you arrive on time for the meeting?

Did you hear about the new restaurant downtown?

Did you understand the instructions?

Did you try the new recipe I sent you?

Did you meet anyone interesting at the event?

Did they change their minds?

I’m sorry about + (noun)

I'm sorry about the mess.

I'm sorry about what happened.

I'm sorry about being late.

I'm sorry about your loss.

I'm sorry about the confusion.

I’m sorry about her behavior.

I’m sorry about your problems.

I’m sorry to + (verb)

I'm sorry to hear that.

I'm sorry to bother you.

I'm sorry to interrupt.

I'm sorry to say this.

I'm sorry to disappoint you.

I’m sorry (that) + (sentence)

I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.

I'm sorry that I made you upset.

I'm sorry that I can't come to the party.

I'm sorry that I was late for the meeting.

I'm sorry that things didn’t go as planned.

I’m sorry but + (sentence)

I’m sorry but I didn’t catch your name.

I’m sorry but I can’t say.

I'm sorry but I can't attend the meeting tomorrow.

I'm sorry but I have to cancel our dinner plans tonight.

I'm sorry but I didn't mean to upset you.

I'm sorry but I don't have enough time to help you today.

I'm sorry but I can't give you a ride this afternoon.

I'm sorry but I need to reschedule our appointment.

I'm sorry but I can't accept your invitation right now.

I'm sorry but I don't agree with your opinion on this matter.

I'm sorry but I can't lend you any money at the moment.

Thank you + (adverb)

Thanks a lot.

Thank you so much.

I appreciate that.

I don’t know how to thank you.

It’s very nice of you.

It’s so sweet.

Thank you for + (noun/Ving)

Thank you for your help.

Thank you for the ride.

Thank you for the great meal.

Thank you very much for the present.

Thanks a lot for the wonderful gift you brought.

Thank you for understanding.

Thank you for calling.

Thank you for helping me with the project.

I appreciate + (noun)

I appreciate that.

I appreciate the suggestion.

I appreciate it if you would let me know.

I appreciate your help.

Thanks to + (noun)

Thanks to you, I finished the project on time.

Thanks to the GPS, we didn’t get lost.

Thanks to her advice, I made a better decision.

Thanks to modern medicine, he recovered quickly.

Thanks to the weather, we had a perfect day at the beach.

Thanks to you, we have time to go to the theatre.

Thanks to the internet, our lives have become much easier.

Many dogs and other animals live, thanks to this hospital.

Grammar

Please and Thank You

"Please" and "thank you" are polite ways of greeting and responding. "Please" is used to make a request, ask a question, or respond to a question in a more polite manner. It is also used to beg or plea for something. "Thank you" is used to respond to something in a more polite manner.

Please - Requests and Questions

"Please" is used to make a request or ask a question in a more polite manner. "Please" is usually placed at the beginning or the end of a sentence. If "please" is placed at the end of the end of a sentence, put a comma before the word "please".When using the verbs can/could/would, "please" can be placed in the middle of a sentence. This makes the tone of the request stronger.

• Please call your parents right away.

• Call you parents right away, please.

• Could you please call your parents right away?

• Please hold the door.

• Hold the door, please.

• Could you please hold the door?

• Please pass the salt and pepper.

• Can you pass the salt and pepper, please?

• Can you please pass the salt and pepper?

• Please repeat that.

• Repeat that, please.

• Could you please repeat that?

Please - Responding to Questions

"Please" is used to answer a question or respond to an action in a more polite manner. When answering with "please", it is placed at the end of the response. A comma is placed before the word "please".

• Would you like something to drink?
  Yes, please.

• What would you like to drink?
  Water, please.

• Would you like to watch some TV?
  Yes, please.

• What would you like to watch?
  The football game, please.

Please - Encouraging or Begging

"Please" is used to strongly state or ask for something. "Please" is also used to beg for something. "Please" is usually placed at the beginning or the end of a sentence. If "please" is placed at the end of the end of a sentence, put a comma before the word "please".

• Please help me!

• Help me, please!

• Please stop!

• Stop, please!

• Please don't do that.

• Don't do that, please.

• Please do.

• Please believe me.

Thank you - Different Degrees

"Thank you" is used to respond to something in a more polite manner. There are different degrees of "thank you". "Thanks" is an informal form of "thank you". Words can also be added to "thank you" to make the response stronger such as "Thank you very much."

Informal
Person A: I like your dress.
Person B: Thanks.

Formal
Person A: I bought the tickets for you.
Person B: Thank you.

Stronger
Person A: Your soup is delicious.
Person B: Thank you very much.

Thank you - Responding to Questions

"Thank you" is used to respond to a question in a polite manner. Yes and No questions can be answered with "Yes, thank you". "No, thank you". If you respond with just "thank you", you are accepting the offer.

Yes
Person A: Would you like a glass of water?
Person B: Yes, thank you.

Yes
Person A: Would you like a ride?
Person B: Thank you.

No
Person A: Do you want another slice of cake?
Person B: No, thank you.


Thank you - Showing Gratitude or Appreciation

"Thank you" is used to show gratitude or appreciation.

Person A: I will call you a cab.
Person B: Thank you.

Thank you with "-ing" Verbs or Nouns

"Thank you" can be used with "-ing" verbs or nouns. The word "for" is used after "thank you" and before the "-ing" verb or noun. "Thank you + for + gerund/noun".

• Thank you for helping me with my homework.

• Thanks for your help.

• Thanks for taking me home.

• Thank you for the ride.

• Thank you for listening to my story.

• Thank you for your time today.

1. How many siblings do you have?

Jenny: How many siblings do you have?

Dan: I have three siblings. I have an older brother, a younger brother, and a younger sister.

Jenny: Four children? Your house must have been chaotic when you were young.

Dan: Yes, it was. I'm not sure how my parents dealt with it.

Jenny: So, are you close with your siblings?

Dan: I am very close with my younger brother and sister. We see each other all the time. We all live in this area, so it is easy for us to get together.

Jenny: What about your older brother?

Dan: I love my older brother, but he has lived in Europe for the past 10 years. So, I don't get to see him a lot.

Jenny: I see. It's hard to have a very close relationship when somebody lives so far away.

Dan: That is exactly right.

KEY VOCABULARY

1. siblings

Meaning: brothers and sisters

Examples

i. I have 5 siblings. I have 3 brothers and 2 sisters.

ii. Do you have any siblings?

2. to be chaotic

Meaning: to be extremely confused and disordered

Examples

i. There was no system or order at the government office. It was very chaotic.

ii. Yesterday was chaotic at my work because half of the employees were out sick.

3. to be close with (somebody)

Meaning: to have a good relationship with another person

Examples

i. I am close with my brother, but I am not close with my sister.

ii. Are you close with your co-workers?

Possible Answers

How many siblings do you have?

1. I have __________ siblings - __________.

I have 3 siblings – one brother and two sisters.

I have 2 siblings – one older brother and one older sister.

2. I have __________ (and __________).

I have one sister.

I have 3 sisters and one brother.

3. I don’t have __________.

I don’t have any siblings.

I don’t have any brothers or sisters.

Similar Questions and Answers

Do you have any brothers or sisters?

How many cousins do you have?

How many people are there in your family?

A) Do you have any brothers or sisters?

B) Yes, I have two brothers.

A) How many cousins do you have?

B) I have many cousins. I think I have 18 cousins.

A) How many people are there in your family?

B) There are 5 people in my family. There is my mother, my father, my two brothers, and me.

Sentence Patterns

How many + (plural noun) + do you have?

How many children do you have?

How many bottles of water do you have with you?

How many books do you have?

How many friends do you have on social media?

How many emails do you have in your inbox?

How many apples do we need to make the pie?

How many people do you see?

How many books do you read in a month?

How many languages do you speak?

How many emails do you send every day?

How many hours do you work on weekends?

How many pets do you have at home?

How many times do you exercise a week?

How many cups of coffee do you drink daily?

How many classes do you take this semester?

It must have been + (noun/adjective)

It must have been love.

It must have been a mistake.

It must have been his idea.

It must have been half an hour before I got here.

It must have been difficult to lose a friend like that.

It must have been fun having a brother growing up.

It must have been scary to be alone.

It must’ve ve been a difficult decision.

It must’ve been very expensive.

It must have + (past participle)

It must have lasted two minutes.

It must have rained last night.

It must have taken hours to finish this.

It must have cost a lot of money.

It must have happened very quickly.

It must have hurt when you fell.

It must have snowed in the mountains.

It must have surprised everyone.

It must have felt amazing to win.

It must have broken his heart.

It’s easy + (to verb/Ving)

It’s easy to learn knitting with practice.

It is easy to make friends when you are kind.

It is easy to understand the rules once they are explained.

It is easy to get distracted by your phone.

It is easy to be happy when you are surrounded by good people.

It is easy to fall asleep when you are really tired.

It is easy to cook dinner if you have all the ingredients.

It is easy to find a solution when you think logically.

It is easy to forget things when you are in a rush.

It is easy to stay motivated if you set clear goals.

It is easy learning new words when you practice every day.

It is easy finding the solution when you work with others.

It is easy remembering things when you write them down.

It is easy achieving your goals if you stay focused.

It’s not easy getting old.

It’s easy for you to + (verb)

It’s easy for you to say.

It is easy for you to make friends because you're so friendly.

It is easy for you to understand the instructions since you've done it before.

It is easy for you to adapt to new environments because you're very flexible.

It’s not easy for you to stop smoking.

It is hard to + (verb)

It’s hard to argue with my mom.

It’s hard to beat their baseball team.

It’s hard to find a good cell phone.

It’s hard to enjoy eating this food.

It’s hard to decide where to go.

It's hard to get enough sleep when you have a busy schedule.

It's hard to focus when there are so many distractions around.

It's hard to learn a new skill without proper guidance.

It's hard to stay motivated when progress is slow.

It's hard to make decisions when you're feeling overwhelmed.

It’s hard for me to + (verb)

It’s hard for me to remember.

It is hard for me to wake up early in the morning.

It’s hard for me to change things.

It’s hard for her to apologize to everyone.

It’s hard for him to make friends.

It is hard for her to make decisions quickly.

It is hard for him to adjust to new environments.

It is hard for students to concentrate during long lectures.

I'm not sure how + (sentence)

I'm not sure how you spell that word.

I'm not sure how I'll react when I see that guy.

I'm not sure how we will accomplish this task.

I'm not sure how she found the strength to go on.

I'm not sure how my computer addiction started.

I'm not sure how we resolve this.

I'm not sure how I feel about that woman.

I'm not sure how to + (verb)

I'm not sure how to be a good mother.

I'm not sure how to mentally prepare myself for that

I'm not sure how to install this product.

I'm not sure how to overcome it.

I'm not sure how to fix it

I'm not sure how + (adjective)

I'm not sure how hungry I am.

I'm not sure how excited he is.

I'm not sure how comfortable I feel about that.

I'm not sure how much she drank.

I'm not sure how much I believe her.

I'm not sure how many bedrooms there are.

I'm not sure how many books I have read this year

I'm not sure how long this will take.

I'm not sure how long this battery will last

I'm not sure how often I should be taking this medicine.

I'm not sure how much longer I can keep going.

He has + (past participle)

He has finished his homework.

He has lost his keys again.

He has just arrived home.

He has never been to London.

He has already eaten dinner.

He has broken his phone.

He has lived here for five years.

He has read that book twice.

He has written a letter to his friend.

He has cleaned the kitchen.

Grammar

How much/ how many

Quantifiers are words that are used before nouns that indicate the amount or quantity of something. The question "how much?" or "how many?" is used to ask for the amount or quantity of something. Which question to use depends on the type of noun in the question. "How much" is used with uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. Some examples of uncountable nouns are water, air, milk, sugar, and meat. "How many" is used with countable nouns. Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted as one or more. Some examples of countable nouns are bottle, cup, desk, chair, book, and table.

How much?

"How much" is used with uncountable nouns. Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted. Some examples of uncountable nouns are water, air, milk, sugar, and meat.

• How much sugar does the recipe call for?

• How much milk is left?

• How much meat do you eat a week?

How many?

"How many" is used with countable nouns. The countable nouns must be in plural form. Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted as one or more. Some examples of countable nouns are bottle, cup, desk, chair, book, and table.

• How many cups do we have?

• How many chairs are needed for the party?

• How many books are there in your library?

Compound Nouns with Some, Any, and No

Compound nouns are nouns made up of two or more words. The words that make up a compound noun are words that can stand alone. Compound nouns with "some", "any", "no" are most often used with "thing", "body", "one", and "where".

Some

A compound noun with "some" indicates that a person, place, or thing is not known or stated. It is often used with "thing", "body", "one", and "where". It is generally used in positive sentences and questions.

• There is something under the bed.

• Somebody is knocking on the door.

• Someone is waiting to see you.

• I put my keys somewhere and now I can't find them.

• Do you want to eat something?

• Is somebody at the door?

• Is someone at the door?

Any

A compound noun with "any" indicates that a person, place, or thing is not known or stated. It is often used with "thing", "body", "one", and "where". It is generally used in negative sentences and questions.

• He doesn't know anything about the incident.

• He doesn't know anybody at the party.

• He doesn't know anyone at the party.

• He didn't go anywhere all weekend.

• Did anyone turn in the wallet?

• Is there anything to eat?

• Did you go anywhere this weekend?

No

A compound noun with "no" indicates that there is no person, place, or thing. It is often used with "thing", "body", "one", and "where".

• They did nothing about the problem.

• Nobody cared about what happened.

• They are going nowhere.

• No one cares about me.

Subordinating Conjunctions #2

Connects words, phrases, or clauses that are independent or equal using "how", "when", "where", or "while".

How - the way in which
When - at that time
Where - in the place
While - during the time

• I don't know how to use this machine.

• Can you show me how you fixed the computer?

• The baby started crying when the movie started.

• When I came in the room, everyone looked at me.

• He didn't tell anyone where he was going.

• Please tell me where you are going.

• She left while I was on the phone.

• Someone called you while you were at the meeting.

Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal numbers refer to the number of or quantity of something.

• One

• Two

• Three

• Four

• Five

• Six

• Seven

• Eight

• Nine

• Ten

• Twenty-one

• Thirty-five

• Sixty-eight

• Etc.

• I have one dog.

• I need two pencils.

• We have three cars.

• I leave in four days.

• There are thirty students in this class.

• I have one hundred pennies in my piggy bank.

• We drove one thousand miles across the country.

• I wish I had one million dollars.

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal numbers refer to the numeral positions of something.

• First

• Second

• Third

• Fourth

• Fifth

• Sixth

• Seventh

• Eighth

• Ninth

• Tenth

• Twenty-first

• Thirty-fifth

• Sixty-eighth

• Etc.

• She came in first place in the competition.

• This is my third time in Hawaii.

• He is the seventh grandchild.

• For the tenth time, please turn off the lights.

• My grandparents are celebrating their fiftieth wedding anniversary.