Infectious and Communicable Disease

Explore the basics of infectious and communicable diseases, including bacteria such as mycoplasma, transmission and incubation periods, innate and acquired immunity, vaccination, and immunoglobulin roles in allergies and hypersensitivity.

Explore how measles spreads, presents with a rash and characteristic spots, and how vaccination and lifelong immunity reduce transmission and outbreaks.

Explore chicken pox transmission, diagnosis by vesicle examination, and the typical rash, and learn prevention through vaccination and post-exposure measures.

Mumps spreads via secretions and sneezes as a viral infection, making it contagious before and after symptoms; vaccination with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine reduces its incidence.

Understand rubella’s transmission and its communicability around symptom onset, recognize the characteristic rash, and discuss diagnosis and vaccination for protection with pregnancy considerations.

Examine the influenza virus, its cyclical outbreaks, and the potential for avian H5N1 and swine H1N1 to cause global pandemics; explore transmission from birds to humans and flu-like symptoms.

Explore influenza prevention through vaccines, including subcutaneous and nasal spray options with about 70–90% efficacy for six months. Consider timing, H1N1 history, and contraindications like anaphylaxis and pregnancy.

Explore diphtheria, its source of infection and transmission, and the role of immunization, signs and symptoms, isolation, and vaccination.

Track the whooping cough outbreak through the transmission path and stages of disease, from initial signs to the convalescent period. Learn about vaccination, safety considerations, and potential hypersensitivity contraindications.

Explain meningococcal meningitis, its endemic presence in Asia, signs and symptoms, high-risk groups under 2 years old, serogroup B, and the role of vaccination.

Explore tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, its global emergency and public health impact, common symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment challenges, including drug resistance and xdr across contexts.

The lecture explains tuberculosis vaccination, its schedule and possible side effects, and how vaccination may protect against leprosy while highlighting public health implications.

Explore leprosy as an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae, affecting skin lesions, nose, eyes, and internal organs, with classification guiding diagnosis and a six-month supervised treatment.

Explore poliomyelitis, including paralytic polio, transmission via the fecal-oral route, subclinical infections, and the role of vaccination and public health measures in prevention and elimination.

Tetanus stems from soil and dust spores; it does not spread person to person, and incubation can range from days to months, causing neck muscle aches.

Examine how viral hepatitis transmits through sexual and other routes, understand incubation periods, host immune responses with antibody and DNA markers, and indicators of infection and recovery.

Explore hepatitis B and hepatitis C, their transmission, and the protective role of vaccination and antibodies, emphasizing vaccination schedules and risk factors like pregnancy and travel.

Explore cholera, a gram-negative gut bacterium that causes severe dehydration via contaminated water and rice-water processes. Learn how rehydration solutions, antibiotics like doxycycline, and sanitation measures curb transmission.

Typhoid fever, caused by salmonella typhi, spreads via carriers through contaminated water or food, with diagnosis by blood culture and antigen tests, and treatment includes quinolones and vaccination.

Worm infestation spreads through soil contaminated with eggs, outlines the parasite life cycle and maturation, and highlights anemia risks and barefoot prevention strategies.

Dengue, a viral infection, presents with fever and joint pain; this lecture covers transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and the importance of timely intervention.

Learn how yellow fever spreads through mosquitoes in a sylvian cycle with monkeys, turning humans into incidental hosts, and how vaccination under international health regulations prevents outbreaks.

Explore how malaria transmits via mosquitoes, drives global mortality, and involves a complex life cycle with symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment considerations.

The lecture explains filariasis, a parasite transmitted by mosquitoes such as Culex, with larvae invading the lymphatics, causing lymphedema and elephantiasis through a mosquito-host life cycle.

Recognize rabies as a fatal viral infection transmitted by the saliva of infected animals, with variable incubation; prevention relies on vaccination, immunoglobulin, and prompt wound cleansing.

Explore the Japanese encephalitis transmission cycle, including Culex vectors and birds, horses, and humans as hosts, and examine infection rates, lifelong immunity, and vaccination implications.

Explore the plague, its flea-bite transmission, and the historical impact like the Black Death, highlighting outbreak risks, infection sources, case reporting, and epidemic dynamics.

Explore rickettsial diseases, their transmission, and the differences between epidemic and endemic patterns, with notes on trench fever and regional factors.

Explore leishmaniasis, a vector-borne parasitic disease transmitted from animals to humans, causing skin changes and darkening; diagnosis uses ELISA and DNA tests, with limited treatment options.

Trachoma spreads through direct contact with infected eyes or eye discharge, often via rubbing, causing inflammation, follicle formation, scarring, and potential blindness.

Examine HIV/AIDS, its transmission through semen and blood and other body fluids, risks for drug abusers and mother-to-child spread, and common opportunistic infections like pneumocystis pneumonia.

Explore sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, and human papillomavirus, their transmission, diagnosis by microscopy, and treatments like doxycycline.

Explore brucellosis, a dangerous disease caused by Brucella bacteria transmitted from domestic animals to humans via contact, water, or contaminated food, with multisystem involvement.

Explore how food poisoning stems from toxins and pathogenic organisms in contaminated food, causing rapid symptoms like dysphagia and ocular muscle illness, with onset from six hours to 1–3 days.

Analyze how viruses spread in communities, detailing incubation periods, case fatality rates, and transmission routes, with examples from Ebola and influenza and notes on treatment limitations.

Explore multiple infectious and communicable diseases, including Zika virus, its transmission through vectors and pregnancy-related microcephaly, with diagnosis, symptoms, and control measures.