Industrial Biotechnology

Explore how engineering animals and gene therapy use vectors to deliver healthy genes, addressing somatic and germline approaches, disease targets like cystic fibrosis and Huntington's, and ethical debates.

Explore why microorganisms are ideal for industrial scale production, powering food, drugs, and biotechnology through complex pathways, genetic engineering, and rapid growth in bioreactors.

Explore medicinal biotechnology through penicillin production, from fungus growth and extraction to continuous and batch fermentation, plus insulin production via genetic engineering in bioreactors.

Compare isolated enzymes with immobilised enzymes to highlight specificity, reduced downstream processing, and reuse advantages, while noting cost, stability, and potential activity losses in industry.

Explore how immobilized enzymes boost industrial efficiency by enabling lactose hydrolysis with immobilized lactase to produce lactose-free milk, and extend to plastics synthesis like acrylamide in scalable bioreactors.