
Shalom and Welcome to this course on how to use a biblical Hebrew Lexicon!
Section 1 is an introduction, which gives a general overview of the course and provides important documents, such as the "Hebrew Alphabet Chart" and the first "Handout". I introduced myself and my background briefly at the very beginning of this first section.
Section 2 gives background information for using a biblical Hebrew lexicon. This section is all about recognizing the different parts of a word. You will learn how to approach Hebrew nouns and verbs and how to parse them.
Section 3 is the key section of the course. In this third section, you meet 5 biblical Hebrew lexicons with download instructions. In a brief introduction, you learn about their history and scope. After that, you learn how to use them. I give many biblical Hebrew words as examples and illustrate the use of the lexicons by comparing the ways the lexicons are arranged. At the end of this third section, I introduce two helpful websites that help you to look up vocabulary online.
Section 4 introduces our website www.hebrewthroughthebible and the social media presence of “Hebrew Through the Bible”. You are welcome to get in touch with me and with a large community of individuals who engage in the study of biblical Hebrew and share their knowledge.
How to use the lesson material for best results?
Most of the lessons are audio-visual presentations of the material covered in the respective lesson. Handouts that you can print out and use for later reference accompany the videos.
A topic that has been touched on briefly in the video will be explained in more detail in the body of the lesson. In addition to these handouts, other documents, e.g. screenshots, lexicon entries, provide the complete collection of charts and tables. External links to useful websites or web services are provided where necessary.
This course assumes that you know the consonants and vowels of the Hebrew Alphabet.
The available Hebrew Alphabet Chart lists not only the Hebrew consonants, but also the transliteration we will be using throughout the course.
Please print the Hebrew Alphabet Chart for your reference.
An introduction to the Hebrew verbal and nominal system is usually covered in a Biblical Hebrew beginner's course. For private tutorials with Michal or links to online courses, please visit my website Hebrew Through the Bible.
The familiarity with the Hebrew nominal and verbal system is an advantage, i.e. if you are able to parse a verb and to identify the derivations of a noun, you can skip the lessons that deal with these topics or use them as reference.
However, a brief introduction to Hebrew word formation will be given in Section 2 of this course.
In this lesson we answer the question how words are formed in Hebrew, what roots and patterns are, and how we can distinguish between them.
1.Download the "Lesson04-Exercise-Roots-and-Patterns.pdf" and print it out.
2.Follow the instructions.
3.Download "Lesson04-Answer-Key.pdf" and compare.
You will learn the strong consonants in Hebrew and what the characteristics of strong roots are.
You will earn the weak consonants in Hebrew and what the characteristics of weak roots are.
Some of the books we are using in the course are called "Lexicon"; some are called "Dictionary"; others are called "Concordance". In this unit, we will briefly introduce and explain the terminology and what the difference is.
I will give you now a brief description of four of the 5 lexicons we will be using in this course:
·BDB
·Gesenius
·Strong's Concordance:
·Langenscheidt
Learn how to obtain a digital copy of the 5 biblical Hebrew Lexicons.
You will learn how the different biblical Hebrew lexicons are arranged.
Quick lesson that summarizes what has been said in Section 2 on word formation and how to parse nouns and verbs.
You learn how the BDB is arranged, what some of the abbreviations mean (the complete list of abbreviations appears at the beginning of the BDB), and how a complete root entry looks like. Use your copy that you downloaded earlier on or use the screenshots provided in the download section.
1.Download the "Lesson13-Exercise.pdf" and print it out.
2.Follow the instructions.
3.Download "Lesson13-Answer-Key.pdf" and compare
Practice with the lexicons that arrange verbs according to roots and nouns alphabetically.
1.Download "Lesson16-Exercise-Gesenius-Langenscheidt.pdf" and print it out.
2.Follow the instructions.
3.Download "Lesson16-Answers-to-Exercise.pdf" and compare
In case you cannot find a noun or verb in one of the earlier mentioned lexicons, use Davidson's Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon. It is meant for emergencies only or if you are not yet familiar with Hebrew word formation.
Are you stuck with a word whose root you don't seem to find the old fashioned way, i.e. via the lexicon?
There are different web services available that make parsing easily accessible and without the hassle of using a lexicon. However, keep in mind that knowing the morphology and understanding Hebrew word formation is essential to your Biblical Hebrew studies.
Scholars Gateway is a free to use website offering a variety of tools to scholars to engage with original source materials.
https://scholarsgateway.com/search/WLC-LXX-YLT/Genesis/1:1-5
You can search a complete verse. When you hover over the word, the parsing information shows up in a pop-up.
You can find a full paradigm for the strong verbs.
You can parse words individually through the word parser.
You can use the website like a concordance and do a word search throughout the Hebrew Bible.
Parallel Plus by thebible.org
https://thebible.org/gt/index
Bible study online and as application on your phone to do Hebrew word study (includes BDB and Strong's Numbers) and to compare different translations.
Summary:
You have learned in this course how to use any biblical Hebrew lexicon.
I have guided you through Hebrew word formation,
provided 5 biblical Hebrew lexicons and gave detailed explanations on how to find what you are looking for.
Please feel free to get in touch with me if you have any further questions.
You are welcome to join my Facebook group, the “Hebrew Through the Bible”.
It is a vibrant group of people from all over the world who study biblical Hebrew, who like to share information and discuss study options and resources. Any question relating to the study of biblical Hebrew in general or on how to use a biblical Hebrew lexicon in particular, can be answered there.
For further study material, like resources and biblical Hebrew courses, etc.,
visit my website www.hebrewthroughthebible.com.
I hope you have enjoyed this course and I am looking forward to meet you.
Shalom and Thank you for taking this course on how to use a biblical Hebrew lexicon
Brown, Driver Briggs: A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (BDB)
Davidson, Benjamin: The analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon
Feyerabend: Langenscheidt's Pocket Hebrew Dictionary to the Old Testament
Gesenius, Wilhelm: Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon
Gesenius, Wilhelm: Hebrew Grammar
Holladay: A concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
Joüon, Muraoka: A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, 2009.
Koehler/ Baumgartner: The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT)
Soanes, Stevenson: Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th revised edition.
Strong, James: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible
This course teaches how to successfully use any biblical Hebrew lexicon. You don't need to be in possession of a Hebrew lexicon, because included in the course price are 5 digital copies of Hebrew lexicons.
Before we actually start using them, I will give you an introduction to the principles of Hebrew word formation. I will explain what roots and patterns are, how to identify prefixes and suffixes on Hebrew words and how to parse. You will receive colorful charts and many examples to illustrate how Hebrew word formation works. This section of the course serves as introduction/ review to the morphological (form of words) analysis of Hebrew words which is essential for successfully using a biblical Hebrew lexicon.
The next section of the course focuses on the practical use of the lexicons. Each lexicon will be introduced briefly. After that I will provide a lot of clear examples and exercises that help you to get familiar and comfortable with using any biblical Hebrew lexicon.
The individual lessons of this section are packed with background information, reference tools, easy-to-understand exercises, and examples from the Hebrew bible that will help you to approach any biblical Hebrew lexicon and make the best use of it.
You will receive tips and tricks at the end of the course, e.g. helpful web services. You will be invited to a vibrant online community of students and instructors that will help you with all your future questions on biblical Hebrew.
On completing this course:
-you will be able to use any biblical Hebrew lexicon on your own
-you will be in possession of 5 biblical Hebrew Lexicons
-you will learn about free-of-charge web services
-you will be connected to an online community that answers all your questions even after the end of the course
What you’ll learn
By the end of the course, you will be in possession of 4 biblical Hebrew Lexicons
You will know how to use any biblical Hebrew Lexicon
You will know how Hebrew word formation works
You will meet two important web services
You will become connected to a vibrant community of biblical Hebrew students and instructors who will answer your future questions
Are there any course requirements or prerequisites?
You should know the basics of biblical Hebrew that are taught in a first year biblical Hebrew course
There is no need to purchase a Hebrew lexicon before taking this course.
4 Lexicons will be provided for download during the course
Students who are interested to purchase a biblical Hebrew lexicon can find recommendations
Who this course is for:
You will benefit the most from this course if you have completed a first-year course in biblical Hebrew or if you are currently enrolled
You need to be familiar with the Hebrew consonants and vowels
You should be able to identify the definite article, the conjunction ו, the one-letter prepositions ב, ל, כ
Knowledge of Hebrew word formation and the Hebrew verbal system are a plus