
Explore fundamentals common to infosec certifications, including security, IT basics, encryption, legal issues, personnel training, and disaster response, plus strategies for taking the exams.
Learn how security serves business goals by balancing confidentiality, integrity, and availability with cost-effective controls, prioritizing people's safety, accountability, and appropriate access control.
Identify risk as the potential for negative organizational impact, including data and monetary loss, and describe threats, vulnerabilities, and natural, anthropomorphic, and user-driven risks.
Identify vulnerabilities as any path threats can exploit across actions, processes, hardware, software, and people. Understand administrative, contractual, and regulatory risk that affects availability and liability.
Perform risk analysis to identify threats and vulnerabilities using qualitative or quantitative methods, then use CIA asset inventory and BIA to value, prioritize, and protect critical assets.
Learn to manage risk using avoidance, acceptance, transfer, and mitigation, and apply seven controls: deterrent, detective, compensating, preventive, directive, corrective, and recovery across administrative, physical, and logical domains.
Learn essential personnel security practices, including least privilege, need-to-know, separation of duties, dual control, job rotation, and mandatory leave to reduce risk and prevent fraud.
Governance defines organizational decision making through policies, standards, and processes within a GRC framework. Senior management involvement, broad department input, and regular reviews ensure policies remain clear, legitimate, and compliant.
Explore configuration management and change management, learn how to establish a formal inventory, review requests with a change control board, test before production, and manage deployment, maintenance, and disposal.
Identify who should sit on the ECB and how security representatives bring essential operations perspectives. Use a 'yes, but' approach, implicitly approve with required controls, budgets, and risk acceptance.
Patch management balances routine and reactive updates to keep IT environments secure, interoperable, and prepared with backups and post-approval rules.
Learn continuous monitoring to secure IT environments through vulnerability scans and pen tests. Understand zero-day exploits and the value of third-party, non-destructive testing for safe risk validation.
Review section one of how to pass your infosec exam, focusing on risk acceptance, control categories, need-to-know, separation of duties, and the role of checklists and job rotation.
Explore plain text and cipher text, encryption and decryption, the cryptographic key and key space, and contrast symmetric versus asymmetric encryption with initialization vectors.
Symmetric encryption uses a shared key for fast confidentiality only, but requires out-of-band key distribution and scales poorly with more users.
Explore how asymmetric encryption uses public and private keys to enable confidentiality and proof of origin, with public key distribution and combined signing plus encryption.
Explore how Alice and Bob establish a session key by encrypting a symmetric key with Bob's public key, optimizing confidentiality and efficiency in online sessions.
Learn how hashing provides data integrity by generating a unique, deterministic message digest from the input; see how avalanche effects and collisions affect security, and how it's used with encryption.
Reveal how to achieve confidentiality, integrity, and proof of origin through a hash digest, digital signatures, and symmetric/public-key encryption in an Alice-to-Bob workflow.
Learn how public key infrastructure uses asymmetric encryption and hashing to issue digital certificates signed by certificate authorities, with registration authorities verifying identities and browsers validating certificates against revocation lists.
Digital certificates have finite lifespans, and shorter durations boost trust; they use X509 format with fields like the public key and signing and hashing algorithms, enabling https and internal PKI.
Explore how ssl/tls secures web traffic, note ssl is deprecated and vulnerable, including heartbleed, and understand the basic handshake: client hello, server certificate, public keys, and sharing a symmetric key.
Examine how encryption works, including substitution, permutation, and math-based methods, and how modern crypto blends these in sp box systems. Understand streaming versus block ciphers and key streams.
Explore historical and modern encryption algorithms, from DES and triple DES to AES, Blowfish, RSA, RC4/RC5/RC6, and the role of the AES competition in standardization.
Master Diffie-Hellman key exchange to establish a shared secret over an open channel, using discrete logarithms and a color-mixing analogy to derive a common session key.
Explore null ciphers, one-time pads, and steganography to protect messages and convey confidentiality. Learn how digital watermarking and digital signatures embed ownership or origin within files.
Section two review covers proving origin with private-key encryption, hashing properties, digital certificates, secure key delivery, and modern encryption for a bring your own device virtualization environment.
Learn kernel and reference monitor basics, trusted computing base, hardening, removal of unused services and default accounts, plus secure network media like twisted pair, fiber, and WPA2-256.
Explore how network devices route traffic through ports, detailing well-known, registered, and dynamic ranges and common protocols such as web traffic, email, SMTP, and SSL.
Learn the tcp/ip three-way handshake that establishes a session between two machines using syn, syn-ack, and ack. It covers session-based data exchange and proper teardown to prevent unauthorized access.
Explore how the TCP/IP handshake can be exploited by attacks like SYN floods and SYN spoofing, and how ACK packets may disrupt or misdirect handshake responses.
Analyze traffic-based attacks such as smurf and fraggle, using IP spoofing with ICMP and UDP packets, including ping of death and teardrop, to overwhelm a target.
Explore the network boundary and the dmz to manage risk between internal systems and the external world, and examine firewalls, bastion hosts, honeypots, and honeynet.
Learn how firewalls use static inspection to enforce set rules across traffic, and dynamic inspection to detect anomalies, while employing deep packet inspection, stateful inspection, proxies, and web application firewalls.
Explore intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems, which inspect traffic like firewalls; IDS is passive and alerts, while IPS enforces actions such as closing sessions, suspending accounts, or quarantining traffic.
Explore remote access fundamentals and compare legacy radius, diameter, and TACACS+ security. Examine vpn design with encapsulation and encryption, and review pptp, l2tp, ipsec, and IPv6 features.
Apply AAA concepts—authenticate users, grant authorization, and log actions for accountability—while reviewing protocols like IAP and LIHEAP that may appear on exams.
Explain IPsec tunnel mode and transport mode, highlighting AH, SA, ESP, and the optional trailer for integrity checks and confidentiality.
Explore centralized storage with san and nas, centralizing data for use by multiple users, review raid levels (raid 0, 1, 5, 10, 15), and consider security, availability, and cost.
Malware comprises malicious software used by attackers to harm victims, and the lecture outlines worm, virus, trojan horse, ransomware with backup and restore considerations, spyware, and adware.
Explore how malware forms a botnet of zombies to wage distributed denial of service attacks, perform brute force encryption attacks, mine bitcoin, and store illicit files across compromised devices.
Implement anti malware solutions—hardware, software, or both—on hosts or at network gateways, with signature updates and vendor monitoring to detect infections, enabling defense and depth while balancing productivity.
Explore the three cloud service models—IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS—and compare who manages hardware, OS, platforms, applications, data, and users, along with cost and flexibility implications.
Explains public, private, and hybrid cloud deployment models, including cloud bursting, private cloud limitations, and the community cloud concept illustrated by the PlayStation network example.
Explore how cloud contracts and SLAs establish objective uptime metrics under legal counsel, while addressing vendor lock-in risks to maintain portability.
Explore virtualization fundamentals, including hosts, guests, virtual machines, and hypervisors, and compare type one and type two setups, highlighting cloud economics and cost efficiency.
Explore software defined networking in cloud data centers, revealing the three planes—application, control, and data—plus northbound and southbound interfaces and east-west traffic.
Learn relational database basics: tables, attributes, rows (tuples), primary and foreign keys—and how input validation and acid principles protect against sequel injection, buffer overflows, and ensure transaction reliability.
Injection attacks are a top threat in OWASP's Top 10, covered in the database section. Download the free OWASP Top 10 document (2017 version) to quickly understand the exam concepts.
Explore the secure development lifecycle and how security is baked in from requirements to disposal, ensuring secure, efficient systems. Compare sdlc models like waterfall, spiral, cleanroom, and devops for risk.
Explore agile development and the Agile Manifesto, emphasizing customer collaboration, iterations, and continuous deployment, while noting security concerns and the value of documentation for life-critical or structured projects.
Explore static analysis with white box testing, dynamic analysis with black box testing, and coverage metrics, automated and human reviews using known good and bad data, while avoiding live data.
Examine acceptance testing where customers verify software in a test environment mirroring production and sign acceptance. Compare the older certification and accreditation approach with the move to continuous monitoring.
Protect data by secure disposal, covering data remnant, sanitisation and defensible destruction, overwriting limitations on SSDs, degassing for magnetic media, physical destruction, and crypto shredding with key destruction.
Learn data loss prevention and egress monitoring to identify, discover, monitor, and enforce controls that prevent data exfiltration across devices and servers.
Adopt strong password policies and remove default admin or guest credentials, use NAT and PAT to conceal internal IPs, and centralize logs with Simsim systems for automated and manual review.
Review key concepts from section three, including topology and single points of failure, agile methodology, SDN control plane, cloud deployment models, and TCP/IP handshake.
If you’re a professional in the field of IT, IT security, audit, or general security, you know that certifications are the key to better job opportunities and higher pay. There are many available, from various sources; many of them come from manufacturers and vendors of specific products, many from certification bodies and organizations, and some from government and quasi-government sources. The certifications usually require that you pass a multiple-choice test.
This course is meant to help you pass these tests. It contains lists and descriptions of material usually tested, regardless of certifier or test.
I have the SSCP, CISSP, CCSP, CISM, CCSK, and Security+ certifications, and used to hold the SANS GSEC. I’ve taught prep courses for most of them, and am familiar with material that shows up over and over again, on all of them. I’m not an expert in any single area of IT or INFOSEC, nor am I even all that smart....but I am good at passing multiple-choice tests, and I am told that I’m good at conveying information. So I’m offering that knowledge to you.
I hope you find this course useful
This course is not a standalone product: you won’t be able to take the course and just pass the test. The course is designed for practitioners in the field: people who have trained and worked in INFOSEC for some time, who have the background and essentials to get the certifications. In addition to the course, you should be reviewing other sources (especially the sourcebook from the certifying body for the test you’re taking), including sample tests, primary sources, books, other classes, and online content. This course will show you the information you need to know, but you may have to do some additional research to get more comprehensive details about that information; I recommend Wikipedia and other online sources, because they are both exhaustive and -often- free.
I hope the course helps you pass your exam and get your certification. Please let me know what you think of it, whether you think it helped your study efforts or if you know some way it could be improved. Good luck!