Ham Radio Technician Class

The following changes have been made to the posted

2022-2026 Technician Class FCC Element 2 Question Pool

Released on January 3, 2022

The Technician class question pool contains three (3) schematic diagrams that aren't pictured in this question bank.

This course covers all of the questions that you could possibly see on the Technician Licensing exam.

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES - [6 Exam Questions - 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1A - Purpose and permissible use of the Amateur Radio Service; Operator/primary station license grant; Meanings of basic terms used in FCC rules; Interference; RACES rules; Phonetics; Frequency Coordinator

T1B - Frequency allocations; Emission modes; Spectrum sharing; Transmissions near band edges; Contacting the International Space Station; Power output

T1C - Licensing: classes, sequential and vanity call sign systems, places where the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC, name and address on FCC license database, term, renewal, grace period, maintaining mailing address; International communications

T1D - Authorized and prohibited transmissions: communications with other countries, music, exchange of information with other services, indecent language, compensation for operating, retransmission of other amateur signals, encryption, sale of equipment, unidentified transmissions, one-way transmission

T1E - Control operator: eligibility, designating, privileges, duties, location, required; Control point; Control types: automatic, remote

T1F - Station identification; Repeaters; Third party communications; Club stations; FCC inspection

SUBELEMENT T2 - OPERATING PROCEDURES - [3 Exam Questions - 3 Groups] 36 Questions

T2A - Station operation: choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions; Band plans: calling frequencies, repeater offsets

T2B – VHF/UHF operating practices: FM repeater, simplex, reverse splits; Access tones: CTCSS, DTMF; DMR operation; Resolving operational problems; Q signals

T2C – Public service: emergency operations, applicability of FCC rules, RACES and ARES, net and traffic procedures, operating restrictions during emergencies, use of phonetics in message handling

SUBELEMENT T3 – RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION – [3 Exam Questions - 3 Groups] 34 Questions

T3A - Radio wave characteristics: how a radio signal travels, fading, multipath, polarization, wavelength vs absorption; Antenna orientation

T3B - Electromagnetic wave properties: wavelength vs frequency, nature and velocity of electromagnetic waves, relationship of wavelength and frequency; Electromagnetic spectrum definitions: UHF, VHF, HF

T3C - Propagation modes: sporadic E, meteor scatter, auroral propagation, tropospheric ducting; F region skip; Line of sight and radio horizon

SUBELEMENT T4 – AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES – [2 Exam Questions - 2 Groups] 24 Questions

T4A – Station setup: connecting a microphone, a power source, a computer, digital equipment, an SWR meter; bonding; Mobile radio installation

T4B - Operating controls: frequency tuning, use of filters, squelch function, AGC, memory channels, noise blanker, microphone gain, receiver incremental tuning (RIT), bandwidth selection, digital transceiver configuration

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups] 52 Questions

T5A – Current and voltage: terminology and units, conductors and insulators, alternating and direct current

T5B - Math for electronics: conversion of electrical units, decibels

T5C – Capacitance and inductance terminology and units; Radio frequency definition and units; Impedance definition and units; Calculating power

T5D – Ohm’s Law; Series and parallel circuits

SUBELEMENT T6 – ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS – [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups] 47 Questions

T6A - Fixed and variable resistors; Capacitors; Inductors; Fuses; Switches; Batteries

T6B – Semiconductors: basic principles and applications of solid state devices, diodes and transistors

T6C - Circuit diagrams: use of schematics, basic structure; Schematic symbols of basic components

T6D - Component functions: rectifiers, relays, voltage regulators, meters, indicators, integrated circuits, transformers; Resonant circuit; Shielding

SUBELEMENT T7 – PRACTICAL CIRCUITS – [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups] 44 Questions

T7A – Station equipment: receivers, transceivers, transmitter amplifiers, receive amplifiers, transverters; Basic radio circuit concepts and terminology: sensitivity, selectivity, mixers, oscillators, PTT, modulation

T7B – Symptoms, causes, and cures of common transmitter and receiver problems: overload and overdrive, distortion, interference and consumer electronics, RF feedback

T7C – Antenna and transmission line measurements and troubleshooting: measuring SWR, effects of high SWR, causes of feed line failures; Basic coaxial cable characteristics; Use of dummy loads when testing

T7D – Using basic test instruments: voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter; Soldering

SUBELEMENT T8 – SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS – [4 Exam Questions - 4 Groups] 48 Questions

T8A – Basic characteristics of FM and SSB; Bandwidth of various modulation modes: CW, SSB, FM, fast-scan TV; Choice of emission type: selection of USB vs LSB, use of SSB for weak signal work, use of FM for VHF packet and repeaters

T8B - Amateur satellite operation: Doppler shift, basic orbits, operating protocols, modulation mode selection, transmitter power considerations, telemetry and telecommand, satellite tracking programs, beacons, uplink and downlink mode definitions, spin fading, definition of “LEO”, setting uplink power

T8C – Operating activities: radio direction finding, contests, linking over the internet, exchanging grid locators

T8D – Non-voice and digital communications: image signals and definition of NTSC, CW, packet radio, PSK, APRS, error detection and correction, amateur radio networking, Digital Mobile Radio, WSJT modes, Broadband-Hamnet

SUBELEMENT T9 – ANTENNAS AND FEED LINES - [2 Exam Questions - 2 Groups] 24 Questions

T9A – Antennas: vertical and horizontal polarization, concept of antenna gain, definition and types of beam antennas, antenna loading, common portable and mobile antennas, relationships between resonant length and frequency, dipole pattern

T9B – Feed lines: types, attenuation vs frequency, selecting; SWR concepts; Antenna tuners (couplers); RF Connectors: selecting, weather protection

SUBELEMENT T0 – SAFETY – [3 Exam Questions - 3 Groups] 36 Questions

T0A – Power circuits and hazards: hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, electrical code compliance; Lightning protection; Battery safety

T0B – Antenna safety: tower safety and grounding, installing antennas, antenna supports

T0C - RF hazards: radiation exposure, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, radiation types, duty cycle