Halo alkanes and Halo arenes

Chloro Methane

Created byVinay Arya

Last updated 5/2022

English

What you'll learn

The students will get a wide picture of Organic Compounds.
The students will learn about halo alkanes and halo arenes..
The students will have a deep knowledge about the reaction parameters.
The students will know about the importance of Organic Compounds like chloro methane and chloro benzene.

Course content

1 section • 13 lectures • 2h 13m total length

10.1. Contents of Halo alkanes and Halo arenes10:05
Explore the contents of halo alkanes and halo arenes, including classification, nomenclature, benzene-based halo compounds, preparation methods, and key nucleophilic substitution reactions.
10.2. Introduction to Halo alkanes and Halo arenes13:01
Explore halo alkanes and halo arenes, highlighting hydrogen replacement by halogens, basic nomenclature, and classification by halogen count and carbon hybridization, with benzene examples.
10.3. Classification of Haloalkanes7:29
Classify haloalkanes by halogen type and carbon hybridization, covering primary, secondary, and tertiary halides, benzylic and allylic halides, and halogen size and bond energy trends.
10.4. Isomerism in Halo alkanes10:54
Explore optical isomerism in halo alkanes by examining plane polarized light, optical activity, and enantiomers from asymmetric carbons; learn chirality, mirror images, and retention versus inversion of configuration.
10.5. Preparation of Halo alkanes18:43
We cover methods for preparing halo alkanes from alcohols using halogen acids and Lucas reagent, from free radical halogenation of alkanes, and from halogen exchange (frankenstein reaction).
10.6. Physical Properties of Haloalkanes7:42
Investigate the physical properties of haloalkanes, including boiling points, density, and solubility. See how halogen size and polarity drive intermolecular forces and affect states at room temperature.
10.7. Chemical Properties of Halo alkanes14:20
Explore the chemical properties of halo alkanes through nucleophilic substitution, detailing SN1 and SN2 mechanisms, the role of nucleophiles and leaving groups, and the influence of solvents and substitution patterns.
10.8. Preparation of Halo arenes6:06
learn how halo arenes are prepared from benzene through halogenation, including chlorination with chlorine under light to form chlorobenzene and higher chlorinated benzenes.
10.9. Physical Properties of Halo arenes5:45
Explore the physical properties of halo arenes, including boiling points, melting points, solubility and density, and how symmetry affects molecular packing and thus melting points.
10.10. Chemical Properties of Halo arenes8:55
Explore the chemical properties of halo arenes, including C–X bond polarity, hybridization and resonance effects, and how these factors govern nucleophilic versus electrophilic substitution on benzene rings.
10.11. Sulphonation in Halo arenes9:10
Explain the sulfonation of halo arenes using sulfuric acid, showing how halogen substituents direct formation of major and minor sulfonated benzene products, such as 4-chloro benzene sulfonic acid.
10.12. Poly Halogen Compounds9:14
Explore the properties, preparation, and uses of dichloromethane and chloroform as polyhalogen compounds. Assess hazards such as central nervous system effects and phosgene formation to ensure safe handling.
10.13. Iodoform11:45
Explore iodoform and key halo compounds like chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, freon, and DDT, covering preparation, properties, uses, and ozone layer and health risks.

Requirements

The child should have clear concepts of Organic Compounds and their derivative's.

Description

Alkyl halides or halo alkanes are compounds in which a halogen is bonded to an alkyl group. They have the general formula RX (where R is alkyl group CnH2n+1) X is halogen atom.

Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alky halides

depending on whether the halogen atom is attached to a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon atom respectively.

Aromatic halogen compounds or halo arenes are the halogen compounds which contain at least one aromatic ring. Halogen derivatives of aromatic compounds are of two types.

Aryl halides: In this type of compounds, the halogen atom is directly linked to the carbon of benzene nucleus.

Aralkyl halides: In this type of compounds halogen is linked to the carbon atom of the side chain

Boiling Points

The boiling points of haloalkanes are in the order RCl < RBr < RI. It is because with increase in size and mass of halogen atom the magnitude of Vander Waal’s forces of attraction increases. Among isomeric alkyl halides, the boiling point decreases with increase in branching in alkyl group.

Solubility

Haloarenes are insoluble in water, acids or base but are soluble in organic solvents. Haloarenes are insoluble in water because they can not form hydrogen bonds with water molecules.

Density

They are all heavier than water. Their densities follow the order:

Iodo > Bromo > Chloro

Who this course is for:

For the Beginners and students of twelfth standard.