GREEN HYDROGEN : THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE

Explore green hydrogen as a clean, sustainable fuel produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy, reducing fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions.

Explore why green hydrogen is needed, its wide applications from transport to industry, its environmental benefits, and the push toward net-zero emissions by 2050.

Learn the basics of water electrolysis for green hydrogen production, including how electricity drives hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode using electrolyzers, membranes, and electrolytes.

Examine thermodynamic state functions, including entropy and free energy, and analyze how temperature and standard conditions influence water electrolysis, from liquid water to water vapor, with voltage insights.

Explore water splitting cells, focusing on electrode pair design, gaps and solid polymer electrolyte membrane configurations, and how gas separation, flow, and current density depend on spacing.

Apply Faraday's law to relate electrode charge to gas output and define parity efficiency as the measure of relation, then outline alkaline, PEM, and solid oxide cells and their membranes.

Learn two methods to assemble membrane electrode assemblies: coat the electrode or spray catalyst ink onto the membrane, using carbon cloth, catalyst loading, binders, and hot-pressing.

Examine energy efficiency in water electrolysis, explain how to calculate cell efficiency, and identify factors like charge transfer at interfaces and ionic transport that affect electrolyzers.

Explore the classification of electrolytes into low and high temperature groups, detailing alkaline and acid electrolytes, polymer membranes, exchange membranes, and solid oxide electrolytes in future lectures.

Explore alkaline electrolysis using inexpensive iron–nickel steel electrodes in concentrated alkaline solution with a porous membrane to shuttle hydroxide ions, producing oxygen at the anode and hydrogen at the cathode.

Explore alkaline electrolysis electrodes and catalysts, highlighting nickel and nickel oxides for oxygen evolution, and nickel-sulfur alloys for hydrogen evolution, focusing on activity, stability, and electrochemical surface area.

Learn how electrolyte concentration and the electrode gap determine electrolyte volume and cell conductivity, and how rising temperature increases ion mobility to boost conductivity and efficiency while lowering voltage.

Explore how a diaphragm or separator in alkaline electrolytes prevents charge between electrodes and recombination while enabling hydroxide transport, using a polymer with zirconium oxide filler up to 0.5 mm.

An anion exchange membrane in the membrane electrode assembly enables hydroxide transport with low gas permeability and lower mobility than protons, while offering mechanical strength and water stability.

Compare commercial electrolyzers, from 2.2 megawatt units producing 22 kg of hydrogen to multi-unit setups and a Norway-based company producing 44 kg, highlighting their practical capacities.

Assess the advantages and disadvantages of electrolysis for hydrogen production, noting mature clean water electrolysis with long-term stability, low current densities, low operating pressures, and ammonia synthesis.

Explore proton exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production, compare polymer electrolyte membranes with alkaline systems, and analyze high current density performance, material costs, and durability challenges.

Explore electrolyzers that produce hydrogen and kilowatt-scale capacity projects, and highlight the need for high performance, durable, low-cost catalysts to enable economical and scalable hydrogen production and commercialization of components.

Explain how an AEM electrolyzer uses a quaternary ammonium membrane to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, with stainless steel electrodes and nickel catalysts.

Explore commercial aspects of AEM membrane electrolysis, electrolytes, and membrane occlusion, with a development targeting 450 kg of hydrogen per day by 2022.

Explore solid oxide electrolyzers, high-temperature systems that use steam to split water into hydrogen and oxygen with ceramic electrolytes and nickel and lanthanum strontium manganite electrodes.

Explore how to evaluate water electrolysis performance using electrochemical techniques, including constant-potential testing, temperature control, and cyclic voltammetry to assess durability, catalyst surface area, and oxygen evolution reaction behavior.

Characterize structure-sensitive catalysts for green hydrogen production using x-ray diffraction, two-electron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, surface area analysis, and membrane resistivity measures to assess structure, oxidation states, morphology, and overall efficiency.

Explore how hydrogen fuel cells convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity, with components like anode, cathode, membrane, and diffusion layer, yielding 60–80% efficiency and no emissions.

Explore opportunities in green hydrogen as a key renewable energy resource, with market growth from 0.3B in 2020 to 9.8B by 2028, fueled by emissions reduction.

Conclude with actionable pathways for green hydrogen deployment, linking supply and demand, tracking progress, and fostering smart policy, partnerships, and storage and transportation innovations for low-cost, low-carbon production.