Fundamentals of Programming in C

Explore how arithmetic operations work in C, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus, with emphasis on order of operations and integer versus floating point results and type promotion.

Explore booleans and decision statements in C by using stdbool.h, or 0/1 representations in older versions, and implement if, else, and else if with age examples.

Learn how to use logical operators in C: and, or, not, for combining conditions, and how switch statements map numbers to days with case and default.

Explore the while, do while, and for loops in C, and learn how each repeats code under conditions, with increments and termination behavior illustrated by printing 0–10.

Master character variables in C as numbers, using single quotes for literals, and printing with %c. Explore ascii values, uppercase–lowercase conversion, and input with scanf, getc, and putc.

Explore how arrays in C store homogeneous values, declare with a size, and initialize elements. Indexing out of bounds and the lack of checks pose a security risk.

Introduce functions in C as reusable code blocks that run when called, showing return type, name, and parameters, and explain implicit versus explicit declarations with header files later.

Learn how to write functions that use pointers to modify values in memory via pass by reference, including how to pass addresses, dereference, and even return pointers.

Explore how pointers interact with arrays in C, including pointing to array elements, pointer arithmetic, and summing elements with a loop.

Learn how strings in C are represented as character arrays, with array and pointer declarations, and how null terminators and string.h functions like strcat and strcmp shape their use.