Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Part 1

Name: Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Part 1
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Learn the Fundamentals of Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics: From Conduction to Radiation and Beyond

Created byProf. Samer

Last updated 12/2020

English

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What you'll learn

Perform general energy balances as well as surface energy balances
Understand the basic mechanisms of heat transfer, which are conduction, convection, and radiation
Obtain the differential equation of heat conduction in various coordinate systems, and simplify it for steady one-dimensional case
Identify the thermal conditions on surfaces, and express them mathematically as boundary and initial conditions
Solve one-dimensional heat conduction problems and obtain the temperature distributions within a medium and the heat flux
Understand the concept of thermal resistance and its limitations, and develop thermal resistance networks for practical heat conduction problems
Solve steady conduction problems that involve multilayer rectangular, cylindrical, or spherical geometries
Develop an intuitive understanding of thermal contact resistance, and circumstances under which it may be significant
Identify applications in which insulation may actually increase heat transfer
Analyze finned surfaces, and assess how efficiently and effectively fins enhance heat transfer
Assess when the spatial variation of temperature is negligible, and temperature varies nearly uniformly with time, making the lumped system analysis applicable

Course content

5 sections • 46 lectures • 8h 15m total length

What and How?19:05
Explore what heat transfer is and how it occurs, driven by a nonzero temperature difference, with heat moving from hot to cold through conduction, convection, and radiation.
Conduction17:54
Explore conduction from a microscopic view in gases, liquids, solids, detailing energy transfer by collisions, lattice vibrations, and free electrons; define thermal conductivity, Fourier's law, and copper, water, air.
Example 14:08
Compute steady-state heat loss through a 0.15 m brick wall (k=1.7) with 1400 K to 1150 K. The area is 0.6 m^2, yielding about 1.7 kW.
Convection14:37
Examine convection on a fixed flat plate, with thermal boundary layers and conduction-to-convection heat transfer governed by Newton's law of cooling. Show how convection coefficient and geometry shape boundary-layer thickness.
Radiation17:10
Explore how radiation transfers energy without a medium, using black-body emissive power and the Stefan-Boltzmann law, and how absorptivity, reflectivity, and irradiation govern net heat transfer.
Example 28:30
Calculate heat loss from an uninsulated 70 mm steam pipe at 200 °C (emissivity 0.8) in 25 °C air using convection and Stefan–Boltzmann radiation per unit length.
Conservation of Energy22:06
Explore the conservation of energy in open systems, detailing the energy balance that links changes in stored energy to heat transfer, work transfer, mass transfer, and energy generation.
Example 35:27
Analyze steady-state heat transfer in a rectangular duct by using the ideal gas law to get density and cross-sectional area for mass flow, then compute Q from ΔT and cp.
Example 48:15
Derives the transient temperature variation of a long conducting rod by applying the energy balance with electrical energy generation, convection to ambient air, and radiation to the surroundings.
Surface Energy Balance4:44
present the surface energy balance for a wall with convection from moving air, radiation from the surroundings, and conduction inside the wall, noting the surface stores no energy.
Example 57:45
Apply a steady-state surface energy balance at the outer brick wall, balancing conduction, convection, and radiation. Use Fourier's law to show a linear temperature distribution and solve for wall temperature.
Example 614:01
Explores heat transfer from a human body through a 3 mm skin-fat layer (k=0.3) with 35 c temperature and emissivity 0.95, balancing conduction, convection, and radiation for air and water.

Thermal Diffusivity7:23
Introduce thermal diffusivity alpha as k over rho c_p, the volumetric heat capacity. Larger alpha means faster heat propagation; small alpha implies poor conduction and slow temperature change.
The Heat Diffusion Equation10:17
Derive the heat diffusion equation from a differential control volume in Cartesian coordinates, applying Fourier's law and a generation term to model conduction.
The Heat Diffusion Equation: Cylindrical Coordinates10:31
Derives the heat diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates with radial, angular, and axial terms, noting a steady-state, no-generation case where radial temperature varies logarithmically, unlike linear plane walls.
The Heat Diffusion Equation: Spherical Coordinates11:15
Derive the heat diffusion equation in spherical coordinates via a control volume, apply an energy balance, and show steady-state no-generation conduction yields a 1/r temperature profile.
Boundary and Initial Conditions6:41
Explore how boundary and initial conditions define unique solutions to the heat diffusion equation. 1d steady state needs two boundaries; 2d needs six; transient 1d requires an initial condition.
Types of Boundary Conditions7:25
Explore the three main boundary conditions for one-dimensional heat conduction: Dirichlet with fixed surface temperature; constant heat flux (adiabatic case); and convection boundary condition.
Example 14:55
Determine the temperature distribution in a 0.2 m thick wall under one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction with no generation, between 120 and 50 c, and compute the 6.3 kw heat flux.
Example 28:37
Analyze one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer in a 0.5 cm thick, 300 cm² baseplate with inner heat flux and outer convection to obtain the temperature distribution and surface temperatures.
Example 39:08
An example explores radial steady-state conduction in a cylindrical steam pipe, deriving a logarithmic temperature distribution under Dirichlet boundaries T1=150 C and T2=60 C, and calculating heat loss 0.79 MW.
Example 47:16
Derive the steady-state temperature distribution in a spherical shell under Dirichlet conditions and calculate the heat loss with k=45, inner T=200 C, outer T=80 C.

Thermal Resistance Concept19:09
Explore the thermal resistance concept for steady-state conduction, convection, and radiation, using an electrical circuit analogy to derive series and parallel resistances in a plane wall.
The Composite Wall11:20
Analyze a composite wall with layers of different thermal conductivities and thicknesses, examining one-dimensional conduction, temperature distribution, and convection to estimate heat transfer.
Thermal Contact Resistance2:29
Examine thermal contact resistance at interfaces in multilayer solids, where imperfect contact and air gaps cause temperature drops and influence heat flux.
Example 110:45
Model heat transfer through a double pane window by combining convection and conduction in series across glass and air, showing the air gap's insulation and comparing to a single pane.
Example 212:06
Analyze one-dimensional heat transfer through a multi-layer wall, using parallel conduction through plaster, brick, and foam, with indoor and outdoor convection to calculate heat loss.
Radial Systems: The Cylinder17:01
Derives radial thermal resistances for a cylinder - inner convection, wall conduction, outer convection - and links overall heat loss to temperature differences with a series resistance model.
Radial Systems: The Sphere10:52
Analyze radial heat transfer in a hollow sphere with inner and outer convection. Compute conduction through the sphere wall and the total resistance using 4 pi k and 1/R relationships.
Radial Systems: Multilayered Cylinders and Spheres7:45
Learn how multilayer cylinders and spheres transfer heat radially by combining conduction resistances in series with inner and outer convection to predict heat loss.
Example 315:18
Model heat transfer for a 3 m diameter spherical ice-water tank, including inner convection, wall conduction, outer convection and black-body radiation, and estimate ice melted over 24 hours.
Example 410:19
The lecture analyzes heat loss from a steam pipe by combining convection and radiation into a single thermal resistance. It shows insulation increasing resistance and reducing heat loss.
Example 5: Critical Radius of Insulation18:07
Determine the critical radius of insulation to minimize heat gain by balancing conduction and convection, and select an insulation thickness above this value for maximum overall thermal resistance.
Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation18:52
Derive the one-dimensional steady-state heat equation with volumetric energy generation, solving for the temperature distribution in a wall under convection on both sides and using energy balance.
Heat Transfer From Finned Surfaces21:44
Analyze heat transfer from thin fins attached to a solid, deriving temperature distribution by conduction and convection with base and adiabatic-tip conditions, including corrected length for rectangular and cylindrical fins.
Fin Efficiency9:31
Define fin efficiency as the ratio of actual to maximum heat transfer. Infinite conductivity yields no temperature drop; longer fins reduce efficiency, while corrected length accounts for center heat transfer.
Proper Length of a Fin5:08
Determine the proper length of a finite-length fin in heat transfer using tangent hyperbolic relations to compare finite and infinitely long fins, balancing heat transfer with size and cost.
Fin Effectiveness7:01
Fin effectiveness is the ratio of heat transfer from the fin to the heat transfer from the base without a fin, depending on fin efficiency and the surface-area-to-cross-sectional-area ratio.
Overall Effectiveness4:41
Compute the overall effectiveness by comparing heat transfer with fins attached to a surface to the unfinned case, using fin area, fin efficiency, and surface dimensions.
Example 65:22
Design aluminium fins to dissipate heat from an integrated circuit board using convection. Compute fin efficiency and overall effectiveness to determine the required number of fins.
Example 713:23
Analyze heat transfer from a transistor to an aluminium sleeve, including thermal contact resistance, sleeve conduction, and air convection via fins.

The Lumped Capacitance Method22:21
Apply the lumped capacitance method to transient heat conduction with a uniform temperature. Obtain exponential decay with time constant tau = ρ V Cp /(h A) and an RC-like analogy.
Validity of The Lumped Capacitance Method10:48
Assess the validity of the lumped capacitance method by ensuring negligible temperature gradients and uniform temperature, using the Biot number and conduction–convection resistance across planes, cylinders, and spheres.
Example 16:20
We model a spherical thermocouple to determine a 0.706 m diameter for a 1 s time constant, using lumped capacitance to reach 199 °C in about 5.16 s.
Example 27:28
Calculate the air velocity to cool plates from 700°c to 50°c in a 10 m cooling chamber at 4 cm/s, using lumped capacitance and a biot number check.

Requirements

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics course.
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics course.

Description

Welcome to our comprehensive course on Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics! In this course, we delve into the fundamental concepts and principles that govern the transfer of heat energy, including conduction, convection, and radiation.

Our objective is to equip you with a solid foundation in the modes of heat transfer and the relations used to calculate heat transfer rates. We begin by answering the crucial questions of What is heat transfer? and How is energy transferred by heat? These questions set the stage for a deep dive into the underlying principles of heat transfer processes.

We explore how the heat equation, which is based on Fourier's law and the conservation of energy requirement, can be used to obtain the temperature distribution within a medium for both steady-state and transient conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate how thermal circuits can be employed to model steady-state heat flow in common geometries such as plane walls, cylinders, spheres, and extended surfaces (fins).

In addition, we discuss the lumped capacitance method, which is appropriate when a single temperature can be used to characterize the time response of the medium to the boundary change, and we use it to solve transient conduction problems.

By the end of this course, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the modes of heat transfer, the principles that govern them, and how they can be applied to solve problems in thermal systems engineering.

If you are interested in expanding your knowledge of Heat Transfer and Thermodynamics, this course is perfect for you. Join us today and take the first step towards becoming an expert in the field.

Who this course is for:

Engineering Students
Engineers curious about heat transfer

Fundamentals of Heat Transfer Part 1

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

Introduction12 lectures • 2hr 24min

Introduction to Conduction10 lectures • 1hr 23min

One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction19 lectures • 3hr 41min

Transient Heat Conduction4 lectures • 47min

Exercise Files1 lecture • 1min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: