Pharmacology of Autonomic Nervous System (Fullagonist)

Explore direct and indirect acting cholinomimetics, including acetylcholine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, to understand receptor activation, clinical uses, and safety considerations.

Explore how organophosphate and carbamate insecticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms, and learn antidotes like atropine and pralidoxime, plus aging differences in nerve agents.

Explore anticholinergic drugs, led by atropine, and their muscarinic blockade affecting the eyes, heart, lungs, GI tract, and bladder. Highlight agents like ipratropium, glycopyrrolate, and scopolamine.

Trace catecholamine synthesis from tyrosine to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, their storage, release, autoregulation, and metanephrines in pheochromocytoma.

Explore direct and indirect acting sympathomimetics and their receptor targets. Outline vasopressor and inotrope use, beta two mediated bronchodilation, and hyperkalemia treatment, plus risks like rhinitis medicamentosa and hypertension.

Explore alpha blockers such as prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, and tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia and scorpion envenomation management, including side effects like orthostatic hypotension.

Explore beta blockers, including cardioselective and nonselective agents, their clinical uses in hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, and migraine, plus dosing, side effects, and withdrawal management.

Illustrate beta blocker poisoning, its bradycardia, AV block, hypotension, and shock, and outline treatment with glucagon, IV fluids, calcium, and lipid emulsion, noting drug interactions with verapamil.

Explore ocular pharmacology of glaucoma, detailing mechanisms that reduce aqueous humor production or increase outflow, including alpha agonists, beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin analogs, cholinomimetics, and rho kinase inhibitors.