Physics - Foundation Course on Fluid Mechanics

Explore fluids, density, and pressure, including how liquids take the shape of containers, the incompressibility of liquids versus air, and how density, relative density, and pressure are defined and measured.

Examine fluid at rest, show that pressure at depth equals atmospheric plus rho g h, define absolute and gauge pressure, and note uniform pressure at the same level.

Use a mercury barometer to relate atmospheric pressure to fluid height via ρ g h. Open-tube manometers compare liquid columns of densities ρ1 and ρ2 to determine pressure.

Pascal's principle shows that pressure change in an enclosed incompressible fluid transmits to every portion and to the container walls, enabling hydraulic machines with F2 = F1 A2/A1.

Archimedes principle states buoyant force equals the weight of the displaced fluid, allowing a partially or fully submerged body to float when its weight equals the buoyant force.

Explore the equation of continuity for ideal, steady, incompressible, non-viscous, and irrotational flow, showing how A1 v1 = A2 v2 preserves volume and mass flow in pipes.

Derives Bernoulli’s equation from energy considerations of a moving liquid, stating P1 + ½ρv1^2 + ρgh1 = P2 + ½ρv2^2 + ρgh2.

This lecture derives Torricelli's law: the speed of efflux equals sqrt(2 g h) by applying Bernoulli between the surface and the exit.

attach a venturimeter in a pipe to measure the velocity of incompressible fluid using continuity, showing v2 = (A/a) v1 and pressure differences via a manometer.

Explore core fluid concepts, including compressible versus incompressible fluids, density, pressure versus stress, and buoyancy, and apply continuity, Bernoulli, and Pascal principles to hydraulic systems and flow measurement.