The Basic Concept of Engineering Geology

Explore the rock cycle and the three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) through magma, weathering, burial, and uplift, and examine mineral properties like texture, luster, hardness, and streak.

Learn how weathered fragments are transported by wind, ice, and water, deposited, and cemented into layered sedimentary rocks like sandstone, limestone, and shale, often with fossils.

Explore rock structure by distinguishing primary and secondary structures, including joints and faults, and how folding, layering, and groundwater flow influence quarrying and rock stability.

Explore rock weathering, distinguishing mechanical disintegration and chemical weathering, with cases like frost wedging, salt crystallization, crystal growth, and biological effects from roots and burrowing organisms.

Explain how chemical weathering alters rock minerals via oxidation, hydration, and groundwater interactions, including limestone carbonation, while climate and rock type shape soil horizons and residual materials.