Embedded Communication Protocols - Concepts and fundamentals

Explore the spi communication protocol, its master-slave architecture, and clock-synchronized data transmission that enables continuous streaming between microcontrollers and devices like sd card readers, rfid readers, and wireless modules.

Learn how a synchronous space communication protocol uses a clock signal to transfer one bit per cycle, with the master initiating and selecting slaves via a slave select line.

Examine the SPI protocol's advantages and disadvantages, including continuous data streaming, no complex addressing like I2C, higher transfer rates, full duplex transfer, and lack of acknowledgement and parity.

Explore UART serial communication between a transmitter and a receiver, converting serial data to parallel data, using start and stop bits in an asynchronous system at 9600 bits per second.

Learn how UART communication transmits data serially using a start bit, data bits, optional parity, and stop bits, with error detection at the receiver.

Introduce I2C two-wire serial bus, where a master controls the clock and exchanges bit-by-bit data with multiple slaves via SDA and SCL, at standard 100 kbps and 400 kbps.

Explore how I2C transfers messages using start and stop conditions, address framing, read/write bits, and acknowledge bits between a master and a slave, with data frames sent MSB first.

Explore I2C operation modes: a single master with multiple slaves using 128 unique addresses on SDA and SCL lines, and multi-master setups where masters detect a low line before transmitting.

Discover how the controller area network enables automotive electronic control units to communicate via message frames in a reliable, priority-driven bus. Learn about ISO 11898 standard and CAN node architecture.

Explore the CAN bus advantages—low cost, single network interface, centralized diagnostics and data logging, robustness to interference, weight reduction, easy deployment, and fault detection.

Explore the USB protocol as an industry standard for cables, connectors, and data and power transfer between computers and peripherals. Review USB Type-C and USB Type-B.

Explore USB features, including the host, up to 127 devices via hubs, hot-swappable connections, and data transfer and power delivery across USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 standards.

Learn how USB transmits and receives data by understanding that hosts act as masters initiating communication on the USB bus, while peripherals are slaves providing information to the host.

Explore USB advantages and disadvantages: easy to use, robust connectors, low cost, diverse connector types, and support for up to 127 peripherals, but limited performance and slower data transfer.

Explore Ethernet as the leading lan technology used in offices and homes, and outline its physical and data link layers, including collision detection and speeds from 100 meters to gigabit.

Learn how Ethernet operates across the data link and physical layers, with the logical link control and media access control sublayers guiding data delivery.

Explore the ethernet data frame structure, including preamble, start-of-frame delimiter, destination and source MAC addresses, and the length field. Examine the payload, padding rules, and the CRC check.