Physics: Basics of Electrostatics

Introduce electric field, work and energy concepts, electric potential energy, and electric potential, showing how electric potential arises from the electric field.

Explore electrostatic concepts, including Coulomb's law, electric field, electric potential energy, and electric potential, and see how they analogize gravity through charges.

Understand the electric field as the region around a charge where it exerts force, defined as the force per unit charge, to simplify electrostatics analysis.

Apply the work–kinetic energy relation: work changes kinetic energy via force and displacement, while conservative forces govern potential energy and overall mechanical energy conservation.

explain electric potential, its unit, and how it relates to electric field and potential energy through work, displacement, and coulomb's law.

Explore electric potential as the work to move a unit charge from infinity to a point, with no change in kinetic energy, uniquely identifying that point in space.

Apply Gauss's law to choose symmetry-friendly surfaces, such as a cylinder around a long line charge or a plane with uniform surface charge, to simplify field calculations.

Explore how a magnetic field around a current-carrying wire explains the force on a moving charge via F = q v × B, and how physics builds an observational theory.

Learn how a current-carrying wire experiences a magnetic force in a field and derive it as F = I l × B, with applications to motors and fans.

Explore how a battery maintains a constant flow of charge, defines electric potential and potential difference, and explains oxidation–reduction in an electrochemical zinc–copper cell.

Capacitors store electrical energy in two close plates and smooth current in circuits; charge relates to voltage by Q=CV, and larger plates increase storage.