Electrical control and protection part 5

My names Stephen Brooks & I’ve created the electrical control and protection course, I’ve tried to write the course to make it accessible to everyone, including people without an electrical engineering background.

In the final part of this protection and control course i will be introducing some more advanced principles covering substation configurations, interlocking, feeder protection & distance protection.

Substations come in all shapes and sizes but wherever you go in the world you will come across some standard substation configurations, which provide operational flexibility whilst allowing the equipment’s to be maintained and operated safely.

By the end of this lecture you will know some of the benefits and downsides of some typical substation configurations and understand why we choose a particular configuration for a certain application.

In the second part of this module on substation configurations we will look at some of the more complicated substation configurations that we see on the network.

By the end of this lecture you will understand why we have configured the substations in this way and what benefits they provide to the electrical network

Every piece of primary plant on a substation has a unique number so that there is no confusion when circuits are being operated and maintenance done.

In the first part of this two part lecture we will look at how these numbering schemes are developed and applied to some typical substation configurations.

By the end of this module you will understand how the numbering system is developed and how it can be applied to any situation that you may come across.

In the second part of this two part lecture we will look at how we can apply the primary plant numbering schemes to some more advanced substation configurations.

By the end of this module you will understand how the numbering system is applied which will allow you to use it on any new or non-standard configuration that you may come across.

In part 4 of the protection course we introduced the basic principles of interlocking.

In part 1 of this lecture we apply these principles on some more complicated substation configurations.

By the end of this module you will learn how we use logic terminology to describe the interlocking and then use it on some typical substations

In part 2 of this lecture we apply the principles that we learned on the first part of this module on advanced interlocking to some more complicated substation configurations.

By the end of this module you will learn some techniques of how to apply interlocking to various configurations which should allow you to apply interlocking to any configuration that you may come across.

Many of the protection systems that we use on the transmission network use defined zones to work out where the fault is on the network and operate the correct circuit breakers to clear it from the system

In part 1 of this two part lecture we look at how these protection zones are defined.

By the end of the lecture you will know how to define a protection zone for different substations configurations which will allow to apply them to any new configuration that you may come across

In the second part of this lecture on protection zones we will start to apply what we've learnt on the first part of this course in some practical examples.

By the end of the lecture you will know how to define a protection zone for different substations configurations, which will allow to apply them to any new configuration that you may come across

Feeders are the most vulnerably part of the electrical network as they carry the power from the generators to the substations and on through the electrical network, feeder protection therefore needs to be designed to be both quick and accurate so that any faults are isolated from the network without affecting the customers connected to the network.

By the end of this first lecture on feeder protection you will understand some of the principles of the most common feeder protection that we use which is differential feeder protection

In the second part of the lecture on differential feeder protection we will look at how apply the principles learned in the first lecture to some real world applications

By the end of this second lecture you will understand the differences between metallic pilot and fiber optic pilot feeder differential schemes and how these two systems can be applied to two and three ended feeders.

The other main type of feeder protection that we use is impedance or distance protection.

In the first lecture on this subject we will look at all of the basic principles of this criticial protection.

By the end of this lecture you will understand how impedance protection operates and how it can be configured to suit a typical feeder circuit.

In the second part of the lecture on impedance protection, we look at some practical aspects of this device and see how we can use communication circuits to speed up its reaction time.

By the end of this lecture you will understand how we set up the protection zones for the impedance protection, and learn about the different tripping schemes that we can use for some typical circuit configurations.

In the third part of the lecture on impedance protection, we look at some more ways that we can set up the impedance protection to detect a fault anywhere on the feeder

By the end of this lecture you will understand how we set up a two ended impedance protection scheme, and look at some of the issues that impedance relays have with measuring the system currents and voltages

In the final part of the lecture on impedance protection, we look at some more advanced features of impedance protection

By the end of this lecture you will understand how we set up reverse zones for the impedance protection and use them to quickly identify where the fault is on the electrical system, and also see how we can define the zones for some more advanced configurations