Introduction to Lithium-ion battery management

Explore the history of electric vehicles from early battery chemistry and DC motors to the 1910s electric car share, Ford's Model T impact, and the adoption chasm.

Trace the rise of ICE automobiles from the Ford Model T and the technology adoption curve. Explore the EV1 decline, California's ZEV mandate, and Tesla's 2006 Roadster.

Discover how nineteen hundreds charging used battery rooms with removable batteries and AC-to-DC rectification, plus onboard charging on the vehicle with mercury arc rectifiers.

Identify the cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte in a Li-ion cell, and learn how graphite anode and crystalline cathode enable lithium ion intercalation and electron flow.

Explore the parameters that define a lithium ion cell, including nominal voltage, capacity, maximum current output, internal resistance, C rate, and operating temperature range.

Explore the three lithium-ion cell form factors—cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch—and the four internal components: cathode, anode, electrolyte, and separator. Understand interpolation and how charging moves lithium ions inside.

Explore voltage polarization in lithium ion cells, compare open and closed circuit voltages during discharge and charging, and explain how convergence to the open circuit value estimates state of charge.

Explore the memory effect in batteries, from nickel cadmium to lithium ion, including memory writing and releasing cycles, and how voltage curves and a flat discharge region affect state-of-charge readings.