Name: Electric Vehicle Powertrain Performance Design
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Created byLaurentiu Cancel

Last updated 5/2024

English

What you'll learn

State the main systems/components of an electric vehicle and how do they operate
Explain the different types of powertrain architecture and their advantages and disadvantages
Identify which are the factors that affect the dynamic performance and energy efficiency of an electric vehicle
Calculate the resistant forces for an electric vehicle during different driving scenarios
Run a drive cycle (WLTC) simulation and calculate the average energy consumption
Calculate the parameters of the battery pack in order to meet the vehicle range and dynamic performance requirements
Calculate the parameters of the electric machine in order to meet the dynamic performance requirements
Simulate and electric vehicle model and compare the maximum speed, range and acceleration time against requirements
Use Scilab to perform engineering calculations and data plots
Use Xcos to perform electric vehicle modeling, run drive cycles and interpret results

Course content

11 sections • 79 lectures • 5h 0m total length

Introduction1:17
This lecture explains the goal of the course, the types of lectures/slides and what the workflow is going to be.
Input Requirements3:48
This lecture explains what are the main requirements for the powertrain component sizing and also what other input data is going to be used from on-line resources.
Scilab and Xcos Resources0:52
Use Scilab and Xcos for data processing and mathematical modeling with block diagrams.

Introduction0:40
Learning outcomes of the section.
Electric Vehicles vs. Hybrid Electric Vehicles9:31
Comparison between different levels of vehicle hybridization, their functions, components and CO2 saving potential.
Advantages of Electric Vehicles6:17
Detailed description on the advantages and disadvantages of electric vehicles compared with internal combustion engine vehicles.
Automotive Technology Roadmap2:47
An overview of the automotive industry technologies up to the year 2050.
Electric Vehicle Powertrain1:52
This lecture explaines what a powertrain is and how power is transmitted from the battery to the wheels.
Powertrain vs. Drivetrain2:50
What is the difference between Powertrain and Drivetrain.
Powertrain Architectures8:14
Description of front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive powertrain architectures.
Electrical System2:56
An overview of the main component of the electrical system.
Energy Flow1:58
Explain how the energy flows in and out of the high voltage battery pack, why energy recuperation is important and the conservation or dissipation of energy.
Introduction to Electric Machines18:28
Explain how an electric machine works, its main components and the advatages and disadvantages of different motor types used for EV applications.
Introduction to Inverters6:27
What is an inverter, its operating mode and the control structure of an electric machine.
Introduction to DCDC Converters2:47
Explain the mode of operation of a high voltage-low voltage DCDC converter.
Introduction to High Voltage Battery Packs15:31
Explain the structure of battery pack, mode of operation, discharge characteristics and main parameters.
Introduction to Electric Vehicle Transmissions5:36
Explain the role of the transmissions and the advantages and disadvatages of different topologies.

Introduction0:29
Have an overview of the learning outcomes of this section.
Mass Parameters Calculation2:43
How to calculate the front/rear axle weight distribution and the vehicle mass used for simulations.
Center of Gravity Coordinates Calculation1:51
Calculate the coordinater of the center of gravity of the vehicle, in the longitudinal plane.
Wheel Radius Calculation3:16
Calculate the rolling radius of the wheel function of the tire symbol.
Final Input Data Tables2:22
Summary of the vehicle parameters used for battery, electric machine sizing and drive cycles simulations.

Introduction0:25
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
Force vs. Torque vs. Power2:00
Explain the differences between force, torque and power.
Efficiency and Power Losses2:02
How to calculate the efficiency of the powertrain and its impact on the power transfer.
Gears and Gear Ratios3:22
How to calculate gear ratio and the impact of gear ratios on speed and torque.
Power and Energy2:37
Calculate energy in mechanical and electrical system from power and time.
Exercise - Calculate wheel force, torque and power

Introduction0:37
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
Longitudinal Motion Equation1:20
Identify the vehicle running resistance forces and write the longitudinal motion equation.
Road Slope Force3:11
Calculate the road slope force and power, and convert the road slope in different units of measurement.
Aerodynamic Drag Force3:04
Explain the importance of the aerodynamic drag coefficient and frontal area in the calculation of the aerodynamic drag force.
Rolling Resistance Force4:08
Explain what is the rolling resistance force and the factors affecting the rolling resistance coefficient.
Acceleration Resistance Force2:23
Explain what are the causes of the acceleration resistance and how to calculate the acceleration resistance force and power.
Curb Climb Resistance Force2:35
Explain the uses cases for curb climb and the equations for curb climb resistance force calculation.
Rear Axle Dynamic Loading2:18
Calculate the rear axle dynamic loading and maximum applicable traction force during vehicle acceleration.
Wheel Power Calculation3:49
Determine the maximum power required at the wheel, taking into account three driving scenarios: top speed, motorway driving and hill climb.
Wheel Torque Calculation6:21
Calculate the required torque at wheel to meet the requirements for hill climb, curb climb and 0-100 kph vehicle acceleration.
Exercise - Road slope force calculation
Exercise - Aerodynamic drag force calculation
Exercise - Rolling resistance force calculation
Exercise - Acceleration resistance force calculation
Exercise - Running resistances force calculation
Exercise - Curb climb force calculation
Project - Wheel torque and power demand

Introduction0:29
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
Electric Machine Power and Torque Pre-Calculation1:50
Calculate the power and torque of the electric machine based on the requirements of the drive cycles.
Electric Machine Speed Pre-Calculation2:44
Know how to calculate the maximum and base speed of the electric machine function of the speed of the vehicle.
Electric Machine Parameters Selection5:46
Make a final selection of the parameters of the electric machine, based on real-world electric machines examples and the calculated values.
Electric Machine Torque and Power Final Calculation2:03
Calculate the final torque, speed and power parameters of the electric machine.
Electric Machine Efficiency Model3:40
Write the analytical expression of the efficiency of the electric machine and the parameters used for the calculation of efficiency.
Project - Electric Machine Torque and Power Curves
Project - Electric Machine Efficiency Map

Introduction1:32
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
WLTC Drive Cycle3:24
Describe what the WLTC drive cycle is and why is going to be used for vehicle average energy consumption calculation.
Battery Average Energy Consumption2:40
Write the equation for the vehicle average energy consumption and explain the impact of the different components.
Auxiliary Energy Consumption1:38
Calculate the average auxiliary systems energy consumption on the WLTC drive cycle.
Wheel Energy Consumption2:12
Explain the equation for the average wheel energy consumption on the WLTC drive cycle.
Project - Calculate average energy consumption
Energy Calculation Results Analysis1:45
Analyze the results of the average energy calculation assesment.

Introduction0:51
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
Input Data4:01
Understand which battery cell and battery pack input parameters are needed to calculate the energy and capacity of the battery pack.
Battery Cell Parameters Calculation2:09
Calculate the performance parameters of the battery cell, which can be used for battery cells comparison and selection.
Battery Cell Discharge Curve1:46
Explain what the battery cell discharge curve is and what parameters are needed to generate the curve using analytical methods.
Analytic Model for Discharge Curve1:46
Write the equations and parameters to generate the discharge curve of the battery pack.
Battery Pack Parameters Calculation6:29
Battery Pack Mass Estimation1:41
Estimate the mass of the battery pack based on the total number of battery cells or the energy capacity of the battery.
Battery Pack Charging Time2:57
Estimate the total charging time of the battery pack function of the charging power and the efficiency of the charging system.
Battery Pack Architecture4:17
Decide the electrical architecture of the battery pack (cells and modules arrangement), to maintain the required battery nominal voltage and current capacity, being also fault-tolerant.
Battery Pack State of Charge Estimation1:59
Write the mathematical equation for battery state of charge estimation.
Exercise - Battery Pack Energy Density
Project - Battery Pack Losses and Efficiency
Project - Battery Pack Discharge Curve

Introduction0:36
Understand the learning outcomes of this section.
Xcos Model Overview2:58
Understand the structure of the top level Xcos block diagram and what types of driving cycles are going to be run as simulations.
Drive Cycle Model1:53
How the Drive Cycle Model works and how the different speed profiles are being generated.
Driver Model5:10
Explain how the driver model works and which are the variables and parameters of a PID controller.
Electric Machine Model4:37
Explain how the electric machine model calculates speed, torque, power and efficiency.
Electric Machine Thermal Protection3:05
Explain the thermal protection strategy based on the peak torque timer and cool down timer.
Transmission Model0:53
Explain how the transmission model works and which are the parameters, inputs and outputs.
Vehicle Model5:59
Explain the equation and parameters used for the vehicle simulation model.
Battery Pack Model4:02
Explain the equation and parameters used for the battery pack simulation model.
Simulation Workflow2:24
Have a clear understanding on how the simulations are being performed using the Scilab scripts and Xcos models.
Xcos Model and Scilab Scripts13:15
Perform simulations by loading the parameters data ito the Scilab workspace, run the Xcos model and visualize the results.
Range Simulation6:04
Run the range simulation for the electric vehicle model.

WLTC Simulation Results8:35
Analyze the results of the WLTC drive cycle simulation.
Acceleration Simulation Results5:56
Analyze the results of the vehicle acceleration (0-100 kph) drive cycle simulation.
Maximum Speed Simulation Results3:41
Analyze the results of the maximum speed drive cycle simulation.
Maximum Slope Simulation Results3:44
Analyze the results of the maximum road slope drive cycle simulation.
Constant Speed Simulation Results3:36
Analyze the results of the constant speed drive cycle simulation.
Peak Slope Simulation Results

Requirements

Basic physics knowledge
Basic mathematics
Scilab programming (optional)
Xcos modeling (optional)

Description

This is a hands-on course, explaining step-by-step, with real applications, how to size/calculate the parameters of the high voltage battery and electric machine, based on performance requirements.
Starting with performance requirements: top speed, 0-100 kph acceleration time and maximum range, we will calculate the parameters of the battery pack and electric machine required to achieve the performance attributes.
The main components of the powertrain (high voltage battery, electric machine, transmission and DCDC converter) are explained, describing their main parameters and operating mode.
A brief description of the electric vehicle powertrain architectures is provided, explaining the main components, how they operate, and which are the advantages and disadvantages of each type.
Based on the vehicle's longitudinal dynamics, a drive cycle will be run in Scilab, which will provide the average energy consumption of the vehicle.
The parameters of the electric machine and high voltage battery will be calculated to meet the performance requirements of the electric vehicle.
A full electric vehicle dynamic model will be developed in Xcos and run through various cycles: top speed, hill climb and homologation drive cycle, to assess the performance of the powertrain against requirements.
A complete set of Scilab scripts will be developed for components sizing, data processing and data visualization.
A full tutorial will be provided on how to use the on-line (web based) simulation tool for electric vehicle powertrain design

Disclaimer: This course has no connection with my current or previous employers, this is solely an educational course done in my free time, outside working hours, using personal software tools and equipment. All content in this course is my personal contibution and should not be attributed to my current or former employer in any way or method.

Who this course is for:

Students in automotive engineering who are trying to perfect their skills and knowledge
Engineers interested in electric vehicle technology and simulation
Engineers and technicians working in the electric vehicle conversion domain
Technical leaders which require good understanding of EV technology
Anyone interested to learn about electric vehicles

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

Introduction3 lectures • 6min

Electric Vehicle System and Components14 lectures • 1hr 26min

Vehicle Parameters Calculation5 lectures • 11min

Main Physics Concepts5 lectures • 10min

Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics10 lectures • 30min

Electric Machine Calculation6 lectures • 17min

Vehicle Average Energy Consumption6 lectures • 13min

High Voltage Battery Pack Calculation10 lectures • 28min

Electric Vehicle Simulation Model12 lectures • 51min

Simulation and Data Analysis5 lectures • 26min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: