
Explore the historical evolution of economic thought from classical to contemporary schools, studying key ideas, influential economists, and how these theories shaped policies and society.
Explore mercantilism as Europe's dominant 16th–18th century theory, emphasizing bullionism, state control, and colonies, then trace the rise of physiocracy with agriculture as wealth and laissez-faire.
Trace the shift from mercantilism to classical economics, highlighting Adam Smith's laissez-faire approach, the invisible hand, and the division of labor driving growth.
Explore David Ricardo's comparative advantage and contrast it with absolute advantage, using the England and Portugal wine and cloth example to show gains from trade through relative costs.
Explore John Stuart Mill's defense of individual freedom, emphasizing limited government, the harm principle, and freedom of thought to safeguard minority voices and personal autonomy.
Karl Marx's critique of capitalism explores historical materialism, class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat, surplus value, alienation, and capital crises, leading to the dictatorship of the proletariat and communism.
Trace the marginalist revolution with Jevons, Menger, and Walras, showing how diminishing marginal utility and subjective value shape decision making, prices, and general equilibrium in neoclassical microeconomics.
Explore the Cambridge school's microeconomic focus, including the Marshallian cross and market equilibrium, consumer and producer surplus, elasticity, partial equilibrium, and Pigou's welfare economics and externalities.
Explore Pareto efficiency and the Pareto distribution within welfare economics, and how subjective utility and indifference curves explain unequal wealth and consumer choice in the Lausanne School tradition.
Explore how Fisher's time preference and intertemporal choice, along with Hicks, Samuelson, Arrow, and Solow, extend the neoclassical framework.
Explore how Keynesian economics links aggregate demand to output and employment, and how expansionary fiscal policy and the multiplier counter demand shortfalls during recessions.
Keynes argues the market economy is inherently unstable due to uncertainty and volatile expectations. He highlights animal spirits, liquidity preference, wage stickiness, and monetary policy alone cannot guarantee full employment.
Explore praxeology and human action, as Mises and Hayek critique socialism and central planning, emphasizing the knowledge problem, prices as signals, and spontaneous order in free markets.
Explore Milton Friedman and the rise of monetarism, examining money supply, inflation, and the natural rate of unemployment, along with critiques of Keynesian policy and the case for free markets.
Unites New Keynesian economics with microeconomic foundations to explain price and wage stickiness. Stabilize output and employment amid short-run frictions through monetary and fiscal policy.
Examine how behavioral economics blends psychology with economics to explain deviations from rationality, covering cognitive biases, prospect theory, loss aversion, with ties to institutional economics and nudging.
Explore how classical, marxist, neoclassical, keynesian, austrian, monetarist, and behavioral economics shape liberalism, socialism, libertarianism, and modern policy, with current relevance in welfare, deregulation, and governance.
Explore how AI, automation, and digital technologies reshape labor markets, productivity, and inequality, while data privacy, universal basic income, and regulation shape the future of economic thought.
What will this course cover?
This course offers an insightful journey through the rich, diverse and versatile history of economic thought, from the pioneering ideas of classical economists like Adam Smith and David Ricardo to the revolutionary theories of Karl Marx. We will trace the evolution of economic theory over time, delving into how neoclassical economics, which emerged from the marginal revolution, addressed the limitations of classical economics. Along the way, you'll encounter influential thinkers such as William Stanley Jevons, Carl Menger, Léon Walras, Alfred Marshall, Arthur Pigou, and Vilfredo Pareto.
We will also examine the rise of Keynesianism, developed in response to the Great Depression, which challenged classical economics’ failure to explain prolonged unemployment and advocated for government intervention. The Austrian School of Economics emerged as a counterpoint to socialist economic theories and growing interventionism, while Monetarism, led by Milton Friedman, arose in response to the shortcomings of Keynesian policies in the 1970s, particularly with regard to inflation.
Finally, we will explore the rise of modern schools of thought, which blend elements from earlier traditions, such as the neoclassical and new Keynesian schools, as well as behavioral economics, which questions the classical and neoclassical assumption of the fully rational decision-maker.
Why should you sign up for this Course?
Understanding the evolution of economic thought is essential for anyone interested in economics, history, or social sciences. By learning about past theories and ideas, you’ll gain insights into the economic challenges we face today and how we might address them. This course will equip you with a deeper appreciation of the intellectual history of economics and prepare you to critically engage with contemporary economic issues.