Echocardiography for the non Cardiologist

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess LV size and function, and see examples of abnormal LVs. We'll discuss Eyeballing, the Teichholz method, and the Simpson's biplane method.

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess RV size and function. We'll discuss RV diameters, TAPSE (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion), and RV FAC (fractional area change).

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess the mitral valve for stenosis and regurgitation and grade them, as well as recognize some of the most common pathologies affecting the valve. We'll be discussing valve area assessment using planimetry and pressure half time (PHT), pressure gradient calculation, as well as looking at examples of mild, moderate, and severe mitral regurgitation (MR).

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess the aortic valve for stenosis and regurgitation and grade them, as well as recognize some of the most common pathologies affecting the valve. You'll learn about pressure gradients and velocities, valve area calculation using continuity equation, and estimation of regurgitation severity.

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess the tricuspid valve for stenosis and regurgitation and grade them, as well as recognize some of the most common pathologies affecting the valve. You'll also learn how to estimate right atrial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PAsP).

In this lecture you'll learn several methods to assess the pulmonary valve for stenosis and regurgitation and grade them, as well as recognize some of the most common pathologies affecting the valve.

In this lecture you'll learn about the territorial blood supply of the LV, and how it divides the LV into segments and levels. You'll then learn how to check for regional (segmental) wall motion abnormalities (RWMA / SWMA) which indicate coronary artery disease, as well as recognize several important mechanical complications of myocardial infarction, such as systolic dysfunction, acute MR, ventricular septal rupture (VSR), and free wall rupture.

In this lecture you'll learn about one of the most common disorders you'll come across: pulmonary embolism. We'll be discussing its echocardiographic features and looking at examples where the actual thrombus could be visualized in the pulmonary artery or the right atrium.

In this lecture you'll learn what a pericardial effusion looks like on echocardiography, how to measure it, distinguish its different types and how to detect potentially fatal cardiac tamponade. We'll be discussing features including atrial systolic collapse, RV diastolic collapse, inspiratory flow variation, IVC plethora, and swinging heart.

In this lecture you'll learn what prosthetic heart valves look like on echo, their different types, and how to assess them for malfunction. We'll discuss the different causes of prosthetic valve malfunction, learn when to suspect them, and look at examples of valves with stuck leaflets, and dehiscent valves with paravalvular leak.

In this lecture you'll learn the echo appearance of one of the most serious infections: infective endocarditis, its predisposing lesions and complications. We'll look at examples of vegetations, perforated leaflets, and perivalvular abscess.

In this lecture you'll learn about aortic dissection, how it happens, its echo appearance, and complications including AR, myocardial infarction and branch ischemia. You'll also learn about an additional special view to visualize the whole thoracic aorta: the suprasternal view.

In this lecture you'll learn about one of the most common cardiomyopathies which frequently presents in the emergency setting: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We'll discuss its diagnosis, its hemodynamic effects and their management, and how to tell it apart from athlete's heart.

In this lecture you'll learn how to assess a patient for cardiac trauma, including blunt and penetrating trauma such as stabs and gunshot wounds.

In this lecture you'll learn how to put together all what you've learned so far and perform your first complete echo study. You'll learn the order of examination, and how to be rapid yet systematic and never miss anything.