E- Waste Management in Hindi

Electronic waste, or e-waste, refers to all items of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and its parts that have been discarded by its owner as waste without the intent of re-use.

Why is it a problem?

•Hazardous materials found in electronics –

–Examples: Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, Antimony, Lead, Chromium, Etc..

–Can cause damage to brain, lungs, and other organs

–Lead especially toxic to developing children [Jackson]

Globally, only 8.9 Mt of e-waste are documented to be collected and recycled, which corresponds to 20% of all the e-waste generated.

Of those 44.7 Mt, approximately 1.7 Mt (4%) are thrown into the residual waste in higher-income countries, and are likely to be incinerated or land-filled.

Regulations in India

- Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008

- The E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011

- The E-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016

Stakeholders in E-Waste Rules

-Producer

-Consumer or bulk consumer

-Collection centre

-Dismantler

-Recycler

-MoEF/CPCB/SPCB

FORMAL RECYCLING

-COLLECTION OF E-WASTE

-SEGREGATION/SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS

-PHYSICAL BENEFICIATION

-RECOVERY OF VALUABLES FOLLOWING

-PYRO / HYDROMETALLURGICAL TECHNIQUES

•Hazardous materials not only found in electronic components

•Toxins are found in the plastics

–Brominated flame-retardants (BFR) added to plastics to reduce chance of fire

–Damage to sexual development and growth attributed to some BFRs [Jackson]

Hazardous Waste Rules, 2008

•Electronic Industry is part of Schedule I

•The hazardous constituents of the e-waste are covered under Schedule II

•Waste EEAs comprising of hazardous constituents are regulated for import purpose in Schedule III A

•Waste EEAs without hazardous constituents and EEAs for direct reuse are regulated for import purpose in Schedule III B

•Waste EEAs comprising of hazardous constituents are regulated for import purpose in Schedule III A

E-Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2011

- Come in to force from 1st May 2012

- The objective is to ensure environmentally sound management of E-waste generated from the end of life electrical and electronic equipments.

- Applicable to the e-waste generated from IT and telecommunication equipment and Consumer electrical and electronic equipments as specified in Schedule-I

E-Waste Management and Handling Rules, 2016

- The objective is to ensure environmentally sound management of E-waste generated from the end of life electrical and electronic equipments.

- Applicable to the e-waste generated from IT and telecommunication equipment and Consumer electrical and electronic equipments as specified in Schedule-I

- Recycling and responsibility of manufacturers extended

E-Waste Management Scenario

Generation more than 800000 MTA

Authorized Producer - 35

Authorized Collection Centres - 76

Dismantler/Recycler - 98

Dismantling/recycling capacity - 293748 MTA