DNA REPAIR CONCEPTS

Explore how cells identify and repair DNA damage using base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, and double-strand break repair to preserve genetic information.

Identify and remove damaged bases, create an AP site, and replace with the correct nucleotides via base excision repair.

Explore nucleotide excision repair of bulky DNA damage from UV light and ionizing radiation, including cross-linkages, where excision nuclease removes lesions and DNA polymerase reseals the strand.

Explores how double-strand breaks damage chromosomes and how cells repair them through homologous recombination or non-homologous recombination, with outcomes including chromosomal translocations and implications for cancer.

Examine four dna repair methods, from damage identification to removal and replacement of nucleotides, ending with sealing, and consider implications for cancer and brain-related syndromes.

Learn how DNA ligation joins fragments with sticky ends using ligase to form recombinant plasmids for cloning. Restriction enzymes create overhangs, with ATP cofactors enabling ligation and transformation for propagation.

Compare blunt-end ligation with sticky-end cloning, and show how pcr enables generation of dna fragments, while phosphorylation and atp concentrations affect ligation efficiency in cloning.

Explore restricted endonucleases and artificial restriction enzymes, including type II enzymes, zinc finger nucleases, and TALENs, and learn how guide RNA targets non-palindromic sequences in genetic engineering.