
Spectroscopy measures radiation absorbed or emitted by atoms or molecules during rotational, vibrational, and electronic transitions. It links wavelength and frequency to photon energy and outlines uv to gamma types.
Explore the principles and instrumentation of UV-visible spectroscopy, explaining absorption in the 200–800 nm range, electronic transitions, and the roles of sigma, pi, and non-bonding electrons.
Identify three instrument types in UV-visible spectroscopy—calorimeter, colorimeter, and spectrophotometer—based on light source, filters, and detectors, and apply absorbance–concentration calibration to quantify samples.
Theory of Spectroscopy, Excitation Relaxation Process, Principle, Instrumentation, Different Types of Instruments used in UV - Visible Spectroscopy and Applications of UV - Visible Spectroscopy, Types of ELectrons, Different Types of Electronic Transitions, Beer-Lambart's Law, Deviations from Beer-Labart's Law, Isobestic Point, Bathochromic Shift, Hypsochromic Shift, Hyper Chromic Effect, Hypo Chromic Effect, Chromogenic Agent.