
Plan and control costs using standard costing by comparing predetermined standard costs to actual costs, analyzing variances, and implementing corrective actions to improve efficiency and performance.
Apply standard costing to compute material cost variance, material price variance, and material usage variance using standard price, standard quantity, actual price, and actual quantity in practical problems.
Explore material variances in standard costing and flexible budgeting, calculating price and usage variances from opening and closing stock data, standard versus actual quantity, and unit costs.
Explore material mix variance in cost accounting by applying revised standard quantity, standard quantity, actual quantity, and standard price to analyze deviations.
Apply standard costing and flexible budgeting to calculate labor cost and analyze labor variance, using actual hours, standard time, and efficiency as guiding metrics.
Explore labor variance by analyzing the gap between standard and actual labor cost, emphasizing labor efficiency, standard hours, and favorable or unfavorable outcomes.
Analyze labor efficiency variance under standard costing, comparing actual hours to standard hours and calculating the impact on total labor cost within a flexible budgeting framework.
The lecture defines the flexible budget, separates fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs, and demonstrates how budgets adapt to different activity levels and capacities within the relevant range.
Analyze how a flexible budget adapts to 60% and 90% capacity by separating fixed and variable expenses, including administrative, maintenance, and depreciation costs, to forecast profit.
Compare flexible budgets at 75% and 100% capacity, analyzing how fixed and variable expenses, salaries, and maintenance drive profits under different capacities.
Explore how a flexible budget handles the production of 6000 and 10000 units, outlining fixed versus variable costs, and selling expenses, distribution expenses, and production cost per unit.
Explore how fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs behave under a flexible budget, using capacity scenarios to analyze cost changes as volume fluctuates.
This course helps in understanding the important Tools of Cost Accounting- Standard Costing & Flexible Budget
Standard costing tells us what should be the cost of the product and if the actual cost exceeds the projected cost, the standard costing system can point to the reason of deviation.
Salient Features of Standard Costing
· Standard costing includes pre-determination of costs under specific working conditions.
· In this process, the standard quantity of machine time, labor time, and material is calculated and the future market trend for price standards is analyzed.
· Standard costing helps in variance analysis.
· Along with fixation of sale price, it also provides valuation of stock and work in progress.
· Material, labor, and overheads cost are ascertained.
· Actual cost is measured.
Flexible budget provides logical comparison. The actual cost at the actual activity is compared with the budgeted cost at the time of preparing a flexible budget. Flexibility recognizes the concept of variability.
Flexible budget helps in assessing the performance of departments in relation to the activity level achieved. Cost ascertainment is possible at different levels of activities. It is also useful in fixation of price and preparation of quotations.
Flexible Budget is useful in:
the new organizations where it is difficult to foresee,
the firms where activity level changes due to seasonal nature or change in demand,
the industries based on change of fashion,
the units which keep on introducing new products, and
the firms which are engaged in ship-building business.