Computer Science Introduction

Explains decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal base systems, demonstrates converting decimal to binary via division by two and remainders, and why computers use binary inside microchips.

Explore the octal base system, digits 0 to 7 and base eight. Learn octal to decimal conversions, and its links to binary and historical computer usage.

Explore hexadecimal (x decimal) notation, learn to map digits 0–9 and a–f, convert between base systems, and use binary grouping and Python tools for accurate base conversions.

Learn to convert numbers between decimal, hexadecimal, octal, and binary bases using binary as a bridge, with examples like hex 2FA to decimal and octal 1372.

Explore binary operations in computer science: addition, subtraction, and multiplication in binary (part 1), with carry rules and practical examples such as 1011 and 1101.

Learn octal arithmetic, performing addition, subtraction, and multiplication with base-8 numbers, carrying rules, and examples like 253 plus 67 and 576 plus three, six, five, and four.

Explore hexadecimal arithmetic in base 16, using digits 0–9 and a–f, performing addition, subtraction with borrowing, and multiplication, and verify results with a hex calculator and Python.

Represent negative numbers in binary using sign bits and eight-bit memory, including two's and one's complements. Apply logical and bitwise operators (and, or, not) with truth tables to analyze binaries.

Examine computer architecture basics, including motherboard components, CPU and RAM roles, storage options—HDD, SSD, SSHD—interfaces such as USB, SATA, and M2, and form factors like ATX and micro ATX.

Explore how the Scott CPU, RAM, and bus execute instructions and manage input output. Trace microchip fabrication from silicon to wafers through lithography, doping, and Moore's law.

Explore how binary and hexadecimal representations drive modern computing, how pixels form color images with red green blue, and how memory, CPU, and operating systems power devices.

Explore how gyroscopes and accelerometers power sensors in phones and wearables, and analyze IoT data platforms and computer architectures like von Neumann and Harvard.

Explore how a cpu uses the control unit, ALU, and registers to fetch, decode, and execute instructions. Understand flash memory with floating gate MOSFETs for reads and writes.

Learn to build a logical gate with transistors, understand npn and pnp configurations, base-emitter-collector roles, and how polarization enables switching and amplification.

Learn to simulate digital circuits with a logic gate simulator, wiring inverters and two-input gates (and, nand, or, nor), and read truth tables with led indicators.

Study how to model a three-input digital circuit in python by translating and to multiplication and or to addition, validating with truth tables and boolean expressions in a microelectronics context.

Learn boolean algebra with circuits by building three-input gate networks using and, or, not, and nand; simulate with a logic gate tool and translate expressions into circuits.

Explore boolean algebra and circuit design, apply commutative, associative, and distributive laws, use De Morgan's theorems, and simplify circuits with Karnaugh maps.

Learn boolean algebra for circuits by using Karnaugh maps to simplify expressions, practice two- and four-variable maps, and derive minimal forms like a + bc.

Learn to use Karnaugh maps for three and four variables to minimize boolean expressions and derive simplified circuits, such as c' + cd.

Examine low level languages like machine code and assembly, with C as a hybrid, contrast memory management with high level languages, and discuss power efficiency for the Internet of Things.

Explore how compilers translate source code into machine code via tokens, parse trees, and code generation, and see how assembly maps to registers and op codes.

Explore a visual cpu simulator to perform load and add operations using an accumulator and alu, while contrasting assembly language mnemonics with binary machine code and memory addressing.

Explore high level languages, contrast them with machine language and assembly, explain compiler and interpreter roles, and highlight portability with examples like C, Java, Python.

Trace the rise of basic, the 1980s home computer lingua franca, through line-numbered programs, dialects across Apple II, Commodore 64, and VIC-20, and screen editors, graphics, and sound.

Install and verify the Java JDK from Oracle on your OS, then set up a code editor like Sublime or VS Code and learn Java basics including compilation and classes.

Trace the history of high level languages from IPL and list processing to Lisp, Lisp machines, and Common Lisp, and compare Lisp with Python and Fortran through practical examples.

Discover Python as a general purpose, open source language that blends scripting with interpretation, explains bytecode and JIT concepts, and guides installation and idle usage.

Learn to set up and upgrade your python environment on macOS, including checking versions via the terminal, installing homebrew and pip, managing libraries, and using notebooks while mastering indentation.

Define and explore Python variables—integers, floats, strings, booleans, and complex numbers—inspect their types, and practice printing, concatenation, type conversion, and comments in Jupyter.

Explore Python basics, including global versus local variables, function definition and invocation, and indentation rules. Master conditionals, type conversion with float, and simple examples with random numbers and user input.

Explore Python conditional logic with if, else, and elif, including single-line conditionals and variable comparisons. Analyze strings with indexing (positive and negative), slicing, containment checks, and upper and lower methods.

Master Python string manipulation by using lower, strip, and replace, and split strings into lists. Learn formatting with format and f-strings, and handle hidden copy-paste characters from documents.

Delve into Python truthiness and booleans, covering numbers, empty values, lists and tuples, then practice arithmetic, logical and identity operators, and explore for loops with a nested times-table example.

Discover how to work with lists using for and while loops, print and slice elements, and explore indexing, negative indexing, and dictionary, tuple, and set types.