
Explore steering and sailing rules under the COLREGs framework, including underway concepts, inside one another scenarios, restricted visibility with rule 19, and core actions and responsibilities.
Explain how the overtaking rule in COLREGs mandates the overtaking vessel to keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken, overriding sections one and two.
Explore the head-on situation under rule 14 for two power-driven vessels on reciprocal courses, and learn how both alter course to starboard to pass on the other’s port side.
Navigate narrow channels or fairways by keeping the outer limit on the starboard side, pass port to port, and avoid impeding vessels; observe crossing and overtaking rules and sound signals.
Explore rule 19 for vessels in restricted visibility, including radar detection, three equal-time observations, and altering course to starboard or port to avoid a collision.
Trace the evolution of COLREGs from early naval regulations to the 1972 convention, including key updates, lights, and crossing, head-on, and overtaking rules.
These amendments are usally discussed in oral examinations by MMDs. A PDF is attached for easy reference. Students are advised to follow this section at later stage after completing previous sections or those who are having some basic knowledge of COLREGs may follow this directly.
Rule 2 makes vessel, owner, master, and crew responsible to comply with COLREGs and precautions. Depart from these rules only to avoid immediate danger, using best judgment when danger ends.
Explore general definitions of vessels, powered vessels, seaplanes, and ram under collision avoidance rules, with examples of vessel not under command, restricted in maneuverability, constrained by draught, and restricted visibility.
Explore ship sound and light signals, including bells, gongs, whistles, and how durations, frequencies, and light cues defined in annex three support maneuvering, overtaking, restricted visibility, and anchoring.
1. Collision avoidance rules at sea, restricted vsisblity, narrow channel and TSS
2. Cost effective and time saving solution to prepare for competency examination. It contains usual questions and situations asked in MMD (Mercantile Marine Department) examination for 2nd mate FG.
3. Any one who is having interest in learning COLREGS will find it enjoyable and to the point covering all concepts.
4. The application of steering and sailing rules is explained as per the sections. The most important factor in applying the steering and sailing rules is the state of visibility. So there are some rules which are applicable in all conditions of visibility. These rules are quite sequential. i.e. SEE ( Rule,5 Look-out) , PROCEED (Rule 6, Safe speed), DETERMINE RISK OF COLLISION (Rule 7,Risk of collison) & TAKE AVOIDING ACTION ( Rule 8). These are called rules of section -I
5. If the vessels are in sight of one another, there are different sets of rules . Overtaking, Head on, Crossing situations at sea are explained under this section. This is called section II. However do note that rules of section-I will still remain applicable.
6. If vessels are in or near an area of restricted visibility, there is a separate section and only one rule to be dealt with. However there should be some clarity that rules of section -I as stated should be applicable to the section of restricted visibility which is section -III.
7. Navigation through narrow channel and fairway is dealt separately .
8. Navigation through traffic separation schemes require some special understanding of the rules which has been included separately along with situations and usual questions asked.
9. It has been observed that the concept of not to impede is not quite clear to many mariners and it is one of the reason of failure in MMD examinations. The concept is explained along with most appropriate example and situation.
10. The lights and shapes exhibited by vessel are explained with three dimensional approach for better understanding.