Switch wide area network encapsulation from hdlc to ppp to configure and verify ppp with pap and chap, including local user authentication, debug outputs, and packet captures.

Configure the PGP client on the dialer and physical interface, set IPCP addressing, adjust MTU for PPTP overhead, and apply dial pool, persistence, and optional Pap/Chap authentication.

Explore frame relay fundamentals, including dte and dce roles, pvcs, and data link connection identifiers, and learn inverse arp mapping with point-to-point and point-to-multipoint topologies and ospf hello timer differences.

Explore IPv4 addressing types—unicast, multicast, and broadcast—and learn how variable length subnet masking (VLSM) uses different masks from class A, B, or C networks to size networks efficiently.

demonstrates arp's role in mapping ip addresses to mac addresses, using broadcast arp requests and unicast arp replies to populate arp tables and enable host communication.

Explore the IPv4 DHCP four-step Dora process: discovery, offer, request, acknowledgement. Learn to implement local and remote DHCP with IP helper addresses and DHCP pools on Cisco routers.

Master IPv6 global unicast addressing, with a 128-bit address split into 64-bit subnet prefix and 64-bit host, and configure IPv6 unicast routing, interfaces, and static routes to test connectivity.

Explain how IPv6 addresses are automatically generated from a host Mac address via EUI-64, with the flipped seventh bit and ff fe middle, and how enabling IPv6 creates link-local addresses.

Explore ipv6 neighbor discovery with neighbor solicitation and advertisement to learn mac addresses, then use router solicitation and router advertisement to reveal gateway information and the network prefix.

Explain ipv6 dhcp options, comparing stateful dhcp with leases to stateless autoconfig via router solicitation and advertisement, and show dns provisioning with a stateless pool and a full stateful deployment.

Discover static default routing with primary and backup paths to a gateway of last resort, using administrative distance and tracking objects to enable failover.

Configure RIP version 2 on the router for ten networks, disable auto summary, and enable passive interfaces by default; then implement RIPng for IPv6 on interfaces.

Configure eigrp neighbor relationships and authentication across three routers by disabling auto summary, setting unique router IDs, using passive interfaces, and applying a md5 keychain.

Explore how EIGRP path preference uses delay and bandwidth, advertise default routes, and redistribute static routes. Compare feasible distance, feasible successors, and load balancing for equal and unequal cost paths.

Explore how EIGRP handles load balancing with equal cost and unequal cost paths, using the variance command to adjust feasible distance and install a feasible successor in the routing table.

Configure eigrp stubs to boost network stability and reduce router resources, with R5 illustrating how stubs suppress queries and advertise connected and summary routes.

Learn to configure an OSPF backbone in area zero, establish neighbor adjacencies, and implement MD5 authentication across interfaces or area zero for secure routing.

Discover four OSPF network types, including the default broadcast with a ten-second hello timer, and identify router roles, internal, backbone, ABR, and ACR, across area zero and external connections.

Explore OSPF LSA types—from router, network, and summary LSAs—to external and not so stubby variants—and learn how ABRs convert type seven to type five while examining the OSPF database.

Explore how OSPF area types limit LSAs and how not so stubby areas convert type seven LSAs to type five via the NSA ABR.

Master OSPF path preference and path types, including intra-area routes, inter-area routes, external E1/E2 routes, and not-so-stubby-area routes, and learn how path type precedes cost as a tiebreaker.

Use OSPF virtual links to connect all areas to area zero via a transit area and router IDs, exemplified by area one on R2–R5 and area two on R5–R7.

Configure OSPF version three for IPv6, set router IDs, enable areas on interfaces, verify neighbors, and confirm route propagation across the topology.

Configure and verify BGP peerings, including iBGP within the same AS, with authentication and peer groups, and understand private vs public AS numbers and route advertisement.

Learn how BGP attributes such as origin, AS path, next hop, med, local preference, and community drive path selection, using top-down tie-breakers like weight and router ID in practice.

Explore how to configure IPv6 BGP via the address family in multiprotocol BGP, advertise networks, verify neighbors, and use IPv6 unicast show commands across a Cisco CCNP Enterprise lab.

Understand how route maps enable filtering, redistribution, and policy based routing by matching traffic with ACLs, prefix lists, or route tags, then applying inbound or outbound changes to BGP.

Learn how route filtering with dynamic routing protocols controls which routes you learn or advertise using distribute lists, ACLs, prefix lists, and route maps, including interface-specific filtering.

Learn to configure mutual route redistribution between OSPF and EGP, using metrics and route maps, and observe how routes propagate between R2, R3, and R4.

prevent routing loops in route redistribution by using split horizon, route tagging, and filtering with route maps that assign and deny tags such as 110 and 90.

Explore route summarization across EGP and OSPF, comparing auto and manual methods, configuring classful boundaries for EGP and area-based summaries in OSPF, including interface range and leak maps.

Configure policy based routing to route traffic by source IP and destination, enabling load balancing between R2 and R3 using an ACL and a route-map to set the next hop.

Learn how VRF Lite creates separate routing tables on a single router to segment traffic, assign interfaces to VRFs, and manage per VRF DHCP and isolation between networks.

Explore GRE tunneling to create overlay networks over an underlay, enabling multicast and dynamic routing (OSPF, EGP) across logical tunnel interfaces in a DMVPN context.

Dmvpn enables dynamic hub-and-spoke vpn tunnels using next hop resolution protocol, letting spokes form direct tunnels to the hub and to each other while running routing protocols over the underlay.

Discover how easy virtual networking enables end-to-end VRF segmentation across a routed network using vnet tags and a vnet trunk between routers.

Enable aaa new-model and manage authentication, authorization, and accounting with local accounts, creating an admin with privilege 15 and a help desk user with privilege 1 and secret passwords.

Compare tacacs+ and radius for aaa on routers, noting tacacs encrypts the whole AAA packet and supports advanced command-line authorization; radius encrypts only passwords, with central management via Active Directory.

Secure router access by configuring a dedicated management interface and restricting protocols such as ssh on the management port, while applying password encryption with service password encryption and secret commands.

Review router security features for the CCNP route exam, including standard and extended IPv4 ACLs, time-based ACLs, IPv6 ACLs, and unicast reverse path forwarding checks to prevent spoofing.

Master router management and advanced features like SLA tracking and NetFlow, plus secure remote access, VTI configuration, SSH, HTTP/HTTPS, and file transfer protocols.

Configure SNMP version 2 and 3 to monitor routers, using community strings, ACLs, traps, informs, source interfaces, and version 3 groups, users, authentication, and encryption.

Configure local router logging with a buffer size and severity, disable the logging console, view logs with show logging, and enable remote syslog with a host, source interface, and timestamps.

Configure Cisco routers as NTP clients or servers to synchronize time from remote sources, prioritize lowest stratum, enable authentication with trusted keys, and use NTP version 4 for IPv6 support.

Explore dhcp options as configurable parameters provided by dhcp servers, viewable via ipconfig, and learn how to set option codes in a dhcp pool on routers.

Configure IPv4 NAT with static 1-to-1 mappings and inside/outside interfaces, apply inbound ACLs, and use dynamic NAT and PAT with overload for scalable internet access.

Learn how nat64 translates ipv6 to ipv4 using dns64 and a hex-embedded ipv4 address, then explore ipv6 to ipv6 translation with nptv6 and basic inside/outside interface setup.

Explore IP SLA to monitor network reachability and performance using ICMP echo, jitter, and delay, configure frequency and schedules, and view results with show IP SLA summary.

Track objects monitor ICMP echo status and IP SLA results, monitor interface line protocol, and determine up or down states to drive static routing decisions including primary and backup routes.

Discover how NetFlow collects data from router traffic, sends it to NetFlow collectors for historical application and bandwidth insights, and supports versions five and nine with IPv4, IPv6, and MPLS.