
Biomedical imaging stands at the intersection of technology, physics, biology, and clinical medicine, offering a transformative lens into the structure and function of the human body. This comprehensive course on Biomedical Imaging Systems takes learners on an in-depth journey through the evolution, principles, and applications of modern imaging technologies, from historical X-rays to emerging AI-enhanced modalities. The program begins by tracing the historical progression of imaging in medicine and biology, followed by distinctions between clinical and research imaging workflows. Students are introduced to the anatomy of imaging systems, spanning from energy sources to sensors, data processing, and final visualization.
The curriculum offers a structured exploration of wave physics—acoustic, electromagnetic, and radio—and fundamental concepts like attenuation, scattering, Fourier transforms, and image reconstruction. It dives deep into contrast mechanisms such as T1/T2 relaxation, Hounsfield units, and echo time, laying the groundwork for modality-specific modules. Ultrasound imaging topics cover acoustic impedance, piezoelectric transducers, B-mode and Doppler techniques, and the rise of portable/wearable systems. The MRI section spans NMR principles, field gradients, sequences like FLAIR and spin echo, and applications like fMRI and spectroscopy.
Radiological topics include X-ray physics, digital detectors, CT scanner geometries, reconstruction algorithms, and radiation dose optimization. The nuclear medicine segment examines PET, SPECT, hybrid imaging, and tracer physics. Optical imaging modalities like fluorescence, NIRS, and multiphoton microscopy are introduced alongside innovations in endoscopy and intraoperative visualization.
Advanced lectures address image post-processing—denoising, segmentation, AI/ML tools, radiomics—and the underlying hardware design challenges such as shielding, cooling, and power systems. Students will also gain an understanding of international safety standards (ionizing radiation, MRI zones), regulatory compliance (ISO, FDA), and digital infrastructure (DICOM, PACS). This course equips aspiring biomedical engineers, radiologic technologists, and healthcare innovators with the knowledge to master imaging systems of the past, present, and future.