
Explore cancer signaling basics by examining receptors, the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and their targeted therapies, including resistance mechanisms. Learn about angiogenesis targets and how immunotherapy enhances T cell activity.
Learn course disclaimers and how each mini lecture differs, access the resources icon and the downloadable tumorigenesis file, and see how literature is defined with attached references in this document.
Explore the steps of tumorigenesis, from mutations and immune surveillance evasion to dormancy and the angiogenic switch, basement membrane invasion, and lymphatic metastasis, with links to targeted therapy.
Examine EGFR targeted therapy across non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, detailing erlotinib's inhibition, resistance mutations, and the progression from first to third generation inhibitors, including cetuximab endocytosis.
Explore the MAPK pathway, detailing G12C mutated Ras and BRAF V600E mutations, selective inhibitors Dabrafenib and Trametinib, resistance, and colorectal cancer exceptions, with downstream MEK and CDK4/6 targets.
Explore the PI3K/Akt/mTOR mechanism: activation by receptor tyrosine kinases or Ras, PIP2 to PIP3, and PDK1 docking, promoting cell survival, translation, and glycogen synthesis, with PTEN counteracting.
Explore the TGF-beta Smad pathway from ligand activation to Smad-mediated transcription. Examine non-canonical Erk activation, cancer-specific roles, and car-t strategies using dominant negative TGF beta receptor two.
Examine factors shaping immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy, including neoantigen load, DNA repair mutations, mutational burden, PD-L1 levels, and tumor infiltration (hot, cold, desert), with clinical outcomes and pembrolizumab trials.
This course was brought to you by : Radwan Derbala
Participated in Montage : Mostafa Saad
Participated in some designs: Radwa Omar
Explore the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) biology, its amplifications, mutations, and fusions, and the signaling pathways (MAPK/ERK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT, PLC gamma) driving cancer and targeted therapies.
The course provides the basics of cell signaling and how the cell division is controlled in the multicellular organisms. The course discusses each signaling pathway and the targeted therapies developed for it. Importantly, the course focuses on delivering the real-life examples from clinical trials so that the participant can have a robust idea on the benefits that the targeted therapies provide while being aware of the challenges that face the medical field. The participant at the end of the course has to know that there is no silver bullet for all cancers, not only that but also how the pharmaceutical industry shifted their focus from the histological segmentation of patients to the genomic one, which then rewarded them with better results and more drug approvals that tend to reach up to 40% from total fda approved drugs each year. Last but not least, the participant in that course will get familiar with several side effects of the inhibition of certain pathways, and how the same pathway can lead to different outcomes in different cell types.
The course will discuss only the MAPK, PI3K, Angiogenesis-HIF , Apoptosis-BCL2 (soon), and briefly the PDL1 signaling. In addition, the course will discuss several well known oncogenic mutations in the receptors and their targeted therapies.