
Explore the prognostic value of BNP and NT-proBNP in acute and chronic heart failure, linking levels to mortality and hospitalization, and monitoring therapy with attention to CKD and obesity.
ANP is a stable biomarker alongside BNP for heart failure; combining ANP with BNP via a multi-marker approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, especially in the grey zone and in obesity.
This course aims to provide a specialized overview on the use of biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure (HF). The use of biomarkers is now essential for a correct diagnosis of heart failure, to establish a forecast of prognosis and also to guide the choice of the best possible therapy. This course analyzes the biochemical bases and cutoff levels for the main biological markers used in clinical practice in the setting of patients with heart failure or suspected heart failure based on the clinical picture.