
Learn how PL/SQL cursors fetch and process rows from queries, including implicit cursors that Oracle manages automatically and explicit cursors you declare, open, fetch, and close for multi-row results.
Practice cursors in PL/SQL by declaring, opening, fetching, and looping through employee records; exit when no data found, print results, and close to avoid memory leaks.
Utilize parameterized cursors in PL/SQL to pass values at open time, enhancing reusability, modularity, and flexibility. Open a cursor with p_department_id and p_min_salary, fetch qualifying employees, and close after processing.
practice cursors with parameters in oracle sql by declaring a two-parameter numeric cursor, opening with substituted values, and fetching employee id, names, and salary while filtering by department and salary.
Learn how to create and use functions in PL/SQL, including return types, parameters, and error handling, and see an example that computes a bonus and is used in SQL statements.
Develop robust PL/SQL functions by defining an exception block, handling no_data_found and too_many_rows, and returning minus one on errors, with dbms_output logging.
Learn to create an Oracle PL/SQL function calculate_bonus with salary and bonus percentage parameters, returning bonus and handling errors, plus calling the function from SQL and integrating with apps.
Master stored procedures in Oracle PL/SQL by encapsulating business logic into modular, reusable units that improve performance, security, and maintainability through in, out, and inout parameters.
Define the PL/SQL stored procedure and add an exception block after begin to gracefully handle runtime errors, including duplicate key violations and data type mismatches, with rollback and meaningful messages.
Practice oracle pl/sql part 2 lab by logging into sql live, creating a copied employee table, and updating salaries with a stored procedure while handling duplicate key errors.
Explore in, out, and in out parameters in Oracle PL/SQL through a stored procedure that retrieves an employee salary using an in employee_id and an out p_salary.
I cover essential topics in Oracle PL/SQL within the two-hour free course limit, focusing on the most crucial subjects. I acknowledge missing triggers and packages due to time constraints.
This course is second part of Beginners guide Oracle PL/SQL. To fully benefit from this course, please ensure you have completed Part 1.
What you will learn.
Cursors
Cursors in PL/SQL are used to fetch multiple rows from a database query. They act as pointers to the result set of a query. There are two types of cursors: implicit and explicit. Implicit cursors are automatically created by PL/SQL for single-row queries, while explicit cursors are defined and controlled by the programmer. Explicit cursors offer more control, allowing operations like opening, fetching, and closing the cursor. Cursors with parameters allow dynamic data retrieval based on input values.
Functions
Functions in PL/SQL are subprograms designed to perform specific tasks and return a single value. They are used for modularity, code reuse, and simplifying complex operations. Functions can take input parameters and must return a value using the RETURN statement. They are beneficial for calculations, data manipulations, and other tasks where a result is needed. Functions can be called from SQL statements, PL/SQL blocks, or other PL/SQL programs.
Stored Procedures
Stored procedures are similar to functions but are designed to perform a series of operations and may not necessarily return a value. They can have input, output, and input/output parameters. Stored procedures are useful for encapsulating business logic, ensuring code reuse, and improving performance by reducing network traffic. They support error handling through exception blocks, making them robust for handling complex operations. Stored procedures are executed using the CALL statement and can perform a wide range of tasks, including data manipulation and transaction management.
These three elements—cursors, functions, and stored procedures—are fundamental components of PL/SQL, enabling efficient database operations and enhancing the functionality of PL/SQL programs