Be an expert in English Grammar

Define reported speech and indirect speech, noting that direct speech uses quotation marks and exact words, while indirect speech uses a reporting verb say plus that and the statement.

Master reported speech by learning when to omit that, use that-clause with feelings, and choose tell versus say when there is an indirect object, illustrated with examples.

Learn how to convert direct speech to reported speech, adjust pronouns and possessive adjectives, and apply past simple and past progressive forms.

Explore reporting statements across tenses, converting direct speech to indirect form using past simple, past perfect, present perfect, present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive, and will, would, can, and may.

Learn how to turn direct speech into reported statements with must and had to, and master conditional sentences type one and type two using if-clause examples.

Explore how to use time expressions in reported speech, including now, today, yesterday, tomorrow, the previous day, the day before, and the following day.

Analyze time expressions like last week and next week in reported speech. Explain how modals such as could, would, should, might, and mustn't stay unchanged in reported speech.

Learn that conditional sentences type two and three do not change in reported speech, and that past perfect forms also stay unchanged, as shown by Nina, Andrew, and Ali.

Explore how the past progressive behaves in reported speech, noting shifts to past perfect and perfect progressive for completed actions, while time clauses keep past simple and past progressive unchanged.

Learn that tenses and adverbs stay unchanged in reported speech when the reporting verb is in present future or present perfect, especially for general truths.

Explore reporting verbs, including say, tell, refuse, promise, and agree, with to-infinitive, -ing form, and that-clauses, illustrated by examples like said, refused, and agreed.

Learn to convert questions and statements from direct speech into reported speech using reporting verbs such as advise and remind, and practice changing tenses and pronouns.

Explore how to form reported questions with verbs like ask, wonder, and want to know, using subject-verb-object order and wh-question words.

Learn to convert questions into reported questions using if or whether after the reporting verb, and report commands and requests with tell or order, turning imperatives into a full infinitive.

Learn to convert direct commands and requests into reported speech using reporting verbs, with the imperative becoming a full infinitive; illustrated by 'she asked me to open a window'.

Explore how to use the prepositions of time at and on to express exact times, dates, ages, holidays, meals, weekends, and birthdays in English.

Explore time prepositions in English, including in with months, seasons, years, centuries, and periods of the day, and on, at, during, before, after, by, since.

Explore prepositions of time on, in, and by, and distinguish on time, in time, and by with examples like arriving in time for the meeting and by Monday.

Master time prepositions until and till to mark when actions end, and not until to show not before a point, plus in with a period of time to set deadlines.

Explore prepositions of time, focusing on in the beginning and at the beginning to mark the start, and in the end and at the end to indicate conclusions.

Learn how to use for to express duration and since to indicate starting point in time, with examples like for two hours and since last summer.

Explore how prepositions of place express location with examples such as on the shelf, in the suitcase, at the bus stop, over the sign, behind, near, opposite, and beside.

Explore how to use the prepositions of place on, in, and at in expressions, with examples for continents, countries, cities, addresses, and locations such as the cinema, airports, and homes.

Learn prepositions of movement: to, into, off, out of, towards, and over, with simple examples like going to the supermarket and the dog jumping over a fence.

Explore prepositions of movement up, down, across, along, through, past, and around with examples like racing up a hill and swimming across a lake.

Explore prepositions of movement, noting when not to use a preposition with home, and master common forms like by car, on foot, into, out of, and by sea.

Learn when to use in and on before means of transport, with examples like in Georgia's car and on the plane, and verbs get into, out of, and on.

Explore how relative clauses specify information about a part of the main clause, using who, which, that and relative adverbs where, when, why; distinguish defining from non-defining clauses.

Delve into relative pronouns and relative adverbs that refer to people, animals, things, and abstract nouns, with examples using who, which, and that.

Master relative pronouns and adverbs whose, where, and when, showing possession, places, and times, with examples of whose articles, the hotel where we vacationed, and the summer when we traveled.

Use defining relative clauses to provide information about the noun they modify, with no commas, as in the film which won seven Oscars and the restaurant where we dined.

Define relative clauses using who, which, and that for object references, not the subject, with examples like the tall man you met at my party.

Define relative clauses using whose and where, and compare formal versus informal preposition placement with examples such as the author whose books, and the village where he grew up.

Explore non-defining relative clauses that add information, do not affect the meaning, and are set off by commas, as in John, who grew up in Switzerland, speaks French and German.

explore non-defining relative clauses using who or which, with examples like 'he offered me a lift home, which was kind of him' and 'this box in which I keep souvenirs'.

Explore clauses of reason in English grammar, focusing on because and as, with comma placement when the dependent clause precedes the main clause, and example sentences.

Explain clauses of result, introduced by so that and such that, and how they express the result of actions or deductions.

Explore clauses of result formed with so plus adjective or adverb plus that, and so plus much, many, little, or few plus that, illustrated by maths problem examples.

Learn how clauses of result use such with a/an plus nouns across uncountable, plural, and countable forms, illustrated by such a beautiful day that we went for a picnic.

Explore clauses of concession, using although, even though, and though to express contrast, with a comma when the concession precedes the main clause, as in 'even though he was hungry'.

Explore how to express concession with in spite of and despite, using examples like despite the heavy rain and despite the fact that a clause follows.

Highlight clauses that emphasize adjectives or adverbs with how, what, so, and such, with examples like how wonderful, what a big house, she's so pretty, and it's a beautiful day.

Explore how both states truth for two people and how all covers more than two, and see neither, none, and either in example sentences with Robin, Daniel, and Rita.

Learn how both and all function in English grammar, including their standalone use or with a plural noun or of noun pronoun, and placement before the verb or after be.

Learn to use neither for two people or things, and none for more than two, as Sue and Kathy are British, neither speaks French, none of us have been there.

Learn how neither and none function in sentences, with verb agreement in negative contexts illustrated by none of the books here is mine and neither of the students took part.

Learn how to use either to express truth for one of two items, with the verb in singular or plural form before a noun or pronoun.

Explore double conjunctions such as both and, either or, and neither nor linked to words or phrases in the same sentence to express truths about two subjects with plural verbs.

Discover how either and neither constructions express truths for one of two items, with verbs that agree in singular or plural, illustrated by examples.

Master the present simple to express habitual actions, permanent situations, general truths, and timetabled events, with time expressions like always, usually, often, and every day, guiding storytelling and reviews.

Cover the present simple forms: affirmative, negative, and interrogative, along with adverbs of frequency placement before the main verb and after do/does or be, with examples.

Explore the present progressive for temporary present states, actions around speaking, and future personal arrangements, with examples of repeated actions and adverbs such as always and common time expressions.

Explore present progressive forms by forming affirmative, interrogative, and negative sentences with am, is, and are, using examples like I am working.

Stative verbs express states and are not usually used in the progressive; they cover senses, emotions, knowledge, perception, ownership, and permanence with examples like smell, love, think, have, seem, cost.

Learn the past simple for actions at specific times, habitual actions, completed sequences, with affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms, plus used to for past habits such as yesterday and 1995.

Explore the past progressive to describe ongoing past actions, actions interrupted or simultaneous, and how to form affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences.

Explore stative and past progressive time linkers like when, while, as, and as soon as to link main clauses with time clauses and describe simultaneous or interrupted actions.

Explore how adjectives and adverbs define nouns, compare forms, and use ing and ed endings to express qualities and emotions, with examples like interesting and interested, surprising and surprised.

Explore how adjectives express opinion, size, age, shape, color, origin, material, and purpose before a noun, and how adverbs modify verbs, indicate place, manner, and time.

Explore adjectives and adverbs, with notes on comparisons, and learn how adverbs like just, still, yet, and already position themselves around auxiliary and main verbs in various sentence forms.

Explore adjectives and adverbs, including comparisons and frequency and degree words like always, never, often, and sometimes, and their placement before main verbs or after be.

Explore adjectives of frequency and degree and how adverbs and comparisons function, including hourly, daily, and weekly terms that can be adjectives or adverbs; learn adverb order and movement patterns.

Master the comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs to compare people, animals, or things. Use -er/-est for one or two syllables; more/most for longer words, with examples.

Explore irregular and standard comparative and superlative forms, including good/better/best, bad/worse/worst, far/farther or further/farthest or furthest, and as constructions and less plus adjective or adverb plus than.

Learn how the -ing form is formed from the base verb and used as a subject or object, with examples like swimming and after verbs expressing preference, dislike, and beginning.

Learn how to use the EMG form after verbs and in common expressions, with examples like go swimming, admit, imagine, can't stand, it's no use, and do you mind.

Learn when to use infinitives and -ing forms after common verbs and after prepositions. Express purpose with to-infinitive or -ing; the lesson covers like, love, start, continue, and prefer.

Explore how stop, remember, forget, regret, and try take either a full infinitive or the -ing form, with different meanings, illustrated by examples like stopped smoking and remember talking.

Explore the plus infinitive and try plus I form with 'try drinking tea' and 'they stopped to have lunch and carried on working.' Remember to water the flowers tonight.

Explore special cases of the English infinitive. See examples like 'forget to do', 'don't forget to lock the door', 'regret to say', and 'I'll try to finish today'.