Basics of Microbiology

1. Basics

1.1 Microbiology as a field of Biology.

1.2 The Place of Microorganisms in the living world.

1.3 Introduction to Groups of Microorganisms.

1.4  Applied areas of Microbiology.

1.5 Spontaneous generation versus Biogenesis.

1.6 Germ Theory of disease .

1.7 Eminent scientists of Microbiology.

2. Bacterial Structure

2.1 Size, Shape and Arrangement of Bacteria.

2.2 Bacterial Structures – External to Cell Wall : Capsule, Flagella, Pili, Prostheca, Sheath & Stalk.

2.3 The cell wall of Bacteria – Structure and chemical composition of Gram negative and Gram positive Bacterial cell wall.

Bacterial Structures – Internal to Cell Wall 

2.4 Cell Membrane,

2.5 Protoplast, Spheroplast, Membranous intrusions and intracellular membrane system.

2.6 Cytoplasm & Cytoplasmic inclusions and Vacuoles, Nuclear Material.

Bacterial spores.

2.7 Bacterial Spores and Cyst – Types of spore, Structure and formation of Endospores (Sporogenesis).

3. Growth requirement of Bacteria.

3.1 Nutritional requirements of bacteria .

3.2 Nutritional types of Bacteria .

3.3 Bacteriological Media .

3.4 Physical conditions required for growth .

3.5 Gaseous requirements and oxygen toxicity.

3.6 Methods of isolation and preservation of Microbes.

3.7 Cultural characteristics.

4. Growth curve of bacteria.

4.1 Reproduction of Bacteria : Modes of cell division and new cell formation.

4.2 Growth of Bacteria: Generation time, Growth rate.

4.3 Bacterial Growth Curve.

4.4 Synchronous growth and Continuous culture of Bacteria.